超級(jí)土坯土包圓頂社區(qū)賦予了居民力量

超級(jí)土坯土包圓頂社區(qū)賦予了居民力量

In reducing the carbon footprint of both existing and new buildings, there are a number of possible strategies. One approach is to reduce the size of homes, thus reducing the energy needed to heat and maintain them (which is one reason why smaller homes are gaining popularity). Another is to increase their energy efficiency, as we see being done with Passive House homes. Yet another tack is to change the kinds of materials we use in constructing more eco-friendly homes, swapping out materials with high embodied carbon (a.k.a. upfront carbon emissions) like concrete and steel for more sustainable materials like wood, cork and bamboo.

在減少現(xiàn)有建筑和新建筑的碳足跡方面，有許多可行的策略。一種方法是縮小房屋的面積，從而減少取暖和維護(hù)房屋所需的能源(這是小型房屋越來(lái)越受歡迎的原因之一)。另一個(gè)是提高能源效率，就像我們?cè)诒粍?dòng)式房屋中看到的那樣。還有一種方法是改變我們?cè)诮ㄔ旄h(huán)保的住宅時(shí)使用的材料種類(lèi)，用更可持續(xù)的材料，如木材、軟木和竹子，來(lái)取代含有高含碳量(也就是預(yù)先排放的碳)的材料，如混凝土和鋼材。

Tahmineh Monzavi, Soroush Majidi, Payman Barkhordari

There's yet another weapon to add to the growing arsenal of sustainable materials – but it's not a new one, rather, it's something that humans have used for millennia – earth. The soil beneath our feet is actually a great building material, whether it's rammed, or compressed into modular earth blocks. We've seen a number of interesting architectural projects using earth-based materials, be they large or small.

還有另一種武器加入到不斷增長(zhǎng)的可持續(xù)材料的武器庫(kù)中——但它不是一個(gè)新武器，而是人類(lèi)已經(jīng)使用了幾千年的東西——地球。我們腳下的土壤實(shí)際上是一種很好的建筑材料，無(wú)論是夯實(shí)的，還是壓縮成模塊化的土塊。我們已經(jīng)見(jiàn)過(guò)許多使用地球材料的有趣的建筑項(xiàng)目，無(wú)論它們是大是小。

Superadobe to the Rescue

超級(jí)adobe來(lái)拯救你

On Iran's Hormuz Island, these distinctive domes were constructed by Tehran-based firm ZAV Architects, using an innovative method called superadobe. Initially developed as a form of earthbag construction by Iranian-born architect Nader Khalili, the technique involves layering long fabric tubes or bags filled with earth and other organic materials like straw to form a compression structure.

在伊朗的霍爾木茲島，這些獨(dú)特的圓頂是由德黑蘭的ZAV建筑事務(wù)所使用一種叫做超級(jí)土坯的創(chuàng)新方法建造的。這項(xiàng)技術(shù)最初是由伊朗出生的建筑師納德·哈利利開(kāi)發(fā)的一種土包結(jié)構(gòu)形式，它包括用泥土和其他有機(jī)材料(如稻草)填充的長(zhǎng)織物管或袋進(jìn)行分層，從而形成一個(gè)壓縮結(jié)構(gòu)。

Tahmineh Monzavi, Soroush Majidi, Payman Barkhordari

Intended as a project that encourages "community empowerment via urban development," the domes have been built with the help of local residents, who were trained with the necessary construction skills.

作為一個(gè)鼓勵(lì)“通過(guò)城市發(fā)展賦予社區(qū)權(quán)力”的項(xiàng)目，圓頂建筑是在當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦膸椭陆ㄔ斓模麄兘邮芰吮匾慕ㄔ旒寄芘嘤?xùn)。

Tahmineh Monzavi, Soroush Majidi, Payman Barkhordari

Seen from above, the small-scale domes take on organic shapes and connect in a variety of ways to form clustered structures.

從上面看，小型圓頂呈現(xiàn)有機(jī)形狀，并以各種方式連接形成集群結(jié)構(gòu)。

Tahmineh Monzavi, Soroush Majidi, Payman Barkhordari

In between these clusters, walkways and other connective spaces for gathering, playing and resting are formed.

在這些集群之間，形成了走道和其他連接空間，用于聚會(huì)、玩耍和休息。

Tahmineh Monzavi, Soroush Majidi, Payman Barkhordari

Seen from far away, the domes seem to echo the landscape, while offering a brightly colored contrast to the earth from which they are made.

從遠(yuǎn)處看，圓頂似乎與風(fēng)景相呼應(yīng)，同時(shí)與地面形成鮮明的色彩對(duì)比。

Tahmineh Monzavi, Soroush Majidi, Payman Barkhordari

Inside the domes' interior, one can see that this type of construction is well-suited to the arid climate, as earth-based materials provide wonderful thermal mass. That means that the domed interiors stay cool during the day as the thick earthen walls absorb the sun's heat, and at night, when temperatures drop, the walls can radiate that stored heat, helping to regulate temperature fluctuations.

在穹頂?shù)膬?nèi)部，人們可以看到這種類(lèi)型的建筑非常適合干旱的氣候，因?yàn)榈鼗牧咸峁┝似婷畹臒豳|(zhì)量。這意味著圓頂?shù)膬?nèi)部在白天保持涼爽，因?yàn)楹窈竦耐翂ξ仗?yáng)的熱量，而在晚上，當(dāng)溫度下降時(shí)，墻可以輻射存儲(chǔ)的熱量，幫助調(diào)節(jié)溫度波動(dòng)。

Tahmineh Monzavi, Soroush Majidi, Payman Barkhordari

The way in which the interiors are painted also offer clues into how to use the space. The inherent roundness of the spaces are a refreshing alternative to the angularity of orthogonal buildings.

內(nèi)部的繪畫(huà)方式也提供了如何使用空間的線(xiàn)索?？臻g固有的圓形是正交建筑棱角分明的一種清新的選擇。

Tahmineh Monzavi, Soroush Majidi, Payman Barkhordari