另一項研究表明，補(bǔ)品不會起作用，反而可能會造成傷害

另一項研究表明，補(bǔ)品不會起作用，反而可能會造成傷害

Getting enough nutrients from food reduces risk of death, not the same could be said for nutrients in pill form. And in fact, some supplements were linked to increased risk of death.

從食物中獲得足夠的營養(yǎng)可以降低死亡的風(fēng)險，但藥丸形式的營養(yǎng)就不一樣了。事實(shí)上，一些補(bǔ)充劑會增加死亡風(fēng)險。

In 2015, only 12.2 percent of Americans met the recommendations for eating fruit, and just 9.3 percent ate enough vegetables – even though eating enough fruits and vegetables as part of an overall healthy diet reduces the risk of many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, some cancers, and obesity.

在2015年,只有12.2%的美國人符合吃水果的建議,吃足夠蔬菜的人只有9.3%——盡管吃足夠的水果和蔬菜作為整體的一部分,健康飲食可以減少許多慢性疾病的風(fēng)險,包括心血管疾病、2型糖尿病、某些癌癥和肥胖。

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Meanwhile, 75 percent of U.S. adults take a dietary supplement of some kind, spending more than $30 billion a year on these pills and capsules that promise health.

與此同時，75%的美國成年人服用某種膳食補(bǔ)充劑，每年在這些有望帶來健康的藥片和膠囊上的花費(fèi)超過300億美元。

Somewhere there seems to be a disconnect, because study after study keeps showing that supplements do not make a difference, at worst, that they can do harm.

有些地方似乎沒有聯(lián)系，因為一項又一項研究不斷表明，補(bǔ)充劑沒有什么作用，往壞了說，它們可能會造成傷害。

Now a new study from Tufts University says it all again with this simple conclusion: “Use of dietary supplements is not associated with mortality benefits among U.S. adults.”

現(xiàn)在，塔夫斯大學(xué)的一項新研究再次得出了這樣一個簡單的結(jié)論:“在美國成年人中，使用膳食補(bǔ)充劑與死亡率沒有關(guān)系。”

The study looked at data from more than 27,000 U.S. adults, 20 years old and up, to measure the links between dietary supplement use and death from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. They analyzed whether consuming adequate or excess nutrients was associated with death and if the source of those nutrients – food versus supplements – had any effect on the associations.

這項研究調(diào)查了2.7萬名20歲及以上的美國成年人的數(shù)據(jù)，以衡量膳食補(bǔ)充劑的使用與各種原因的死亡、心血管疾病和癌癥之間的聯(lián)系。他們分析了攝入足夠或過量的營養(yǎng)是否與死亡有關(guān)，以及這些營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的來源——食物還是補(bǔ)充劑——是否對這種關(guān)系有影響。

They found that getting enough of certain nutrients is associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality when the nutrient source is foods, but not supplements. There was no connection between dietary supplement use and a lower risk of death.

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)營養(yǎng)來源是食物而不是補(bǔ)充劑時，獲得足夠的特定營養(yǎng)素可以降低全因死亡率。膳食補(bǔ)充劑的使用和較低的死亡風(fēng)險之間沒有聯(lián)系。

They also discovered that too much calcium was linked to an increased risk of cancer death, which they found was associated with supplemental doses of calcium exceeding 1,000 mg/day.

他們還發(fā)現(xiàn)，鈣攝入過多會增加癌癥死亡的風(fēng)險，而這與每天超過1000毫克的補(bǔ)鈣量有關(guān)。

When sources of nutrient intake (food vs. supplement) were evaluated, the researchers found:

當(dāng)評估營養(yǎng)攝入來源(食物和補(bǔ)充劑)時，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn):

• The lower risk of death associated with adequate nutrient intakes of vitamin K and magnesium was limited to nutrients from foods, not from supplements;

與充分?jǐn)z入維生素K和鎂有關(guān)的較低死亡風(fēng)險僅限于食物中的營養(yǎng)成分，而不是補(bǔ)充劑;

• Calcium intake from supplement totals of at least 1,000 mg/day was associated with increased risk of death from cancer but there was no association for calcium intake from foods.

每天從補(bǔ)充劑中攝入至少1000毫克的鈣與癌癥死亡風(fēng)險增加有關(guān)，但與從食物中攝入的鈣沒有關(guān)系。

"Our results support the idea that, while supplement use contributes to an increased level of total nutrient intake, there are beneficial associations with nutrients from foods that aren't seen with supplements," said Zhang. "This study also confirms the importance of identifying the nutrient source when evaluating mortality outcomes."

張說:“我們的研究結(jié)果支持了這樣一種觀點(diǎn)，即雖然使用補(bǔ)充劑有助于增加營養(yǎng)素的總攝入量，但食物中的營養(yǎng)素卻對身體有益，而這些營養(yǎng)素是補(bǔ)充劑所沒有的。這項研究也證實(shí)了在評估死亡率結(jié)果時確定營養(yǎng)來源的重要性。”

While it might be easy to blame people for being lazy and wanting the convenience of a pill over the more complicated nuances of eating a well-balanced diet, I am not sure it’s that straightforward. We live in a country where convenience and fast food reign supreme. We’ve got supplement manufactures spending zillions of dollars on enticing us to believe in the magic of their miracle products. People want to be healthy, yet we've got a constant stream of conflicting research about what’s healthy and what’s not (although the science on supplements has been pretty consistent) – so why not double down by taking vitamins?

雖然責(zé)備人們懶惰、想要便捷的藥片而不是更復(fù)雜的均衡飲食的細(xì)微差別可能很容易，但我不確定這是不是那么簡單。我們生活在一個方便和快餐占主導(dǎo)地位的國家。補(bǔ)充劑制造商花費(fèi)大量的美元來吸引我們相信他們神奇產(chǎn)品的魔力。人們都想要健康，然而關(guān)于什么是健康的，什么不是健康的研究卻不斷地產(chǎn)生矛盾(盡管關(guān)于補(bǔ)充劑的科學(xué)一直很一致)——那么為什么不吃更多的維生素呢?

So we here are. Eating nutritionally insipid food and trying to make up for it by taking supplements that appear to be doing more harm than good. The solution seems so easy: Eat more fruits and vegetables ... alas, nothing seems very simple anymore. That said, I'm going to go eat a salad.

所以我們吃一些營養(yǎng)平淡的食物，并試圖通過服用似乎弊大于利的補(bǔ)品來彌補(bǔ)。解決方法似乎很簡單:多吃水果和蔬菜……唉，事情似乎不再那么簡單了。那就是說，我要去吃沙拉。