野火煙霧與你的健康:你需要擔心嗎?

野火煙霧與你的健康:你需要擔心嗎?

Wildfires have broken out across the United States on an unprecedented scale, with 77 large fires engulfing 3 million acres in a matter of weeks.

美國各地爆發(fā)了規(guī)?？涨暗囊盎?，幾周內(nèi)就有77場大火吞噬了300萬英畝的土地。

While the fires themselves only cover a small portion of California, Oregon and Washington, at least 24 people have died as of September 11. And the smoke they are producing is creating a widespread health problem.

雖然火災本身只覆蓋了加利福尼亞州、俄勒岡州和華盛頓州的一小部分地區(qū)，但截至9月11日，至少有24人死亡。它們產(chǎn)生的煙霧造成了廣泛的健康問題。

Satellite images show smoke covering much of the Pacific coastline, with major cities there seeing very high Air Quality Index numbers, indicating unhealthy air. That's a problem for the elderly and young children, as well as those with asthma and Covid-19 or other breathing conditions.

衛(wèi)星圖像顯示，太平洋沿岸大部分地區(qū)被煙霧籠罩，主要城市的空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù)非常高，表明空氣質(zhì)量不健康。這對老年人和幼兒，以及患有哮喘和Covid-19或其他呼吸疾病的人來說都是一個問題。

"The weather and geography in the Bay Area and valleys of California can also trap the smoke close to the surface, which can keep the smoke trapped near the ground at certain times of the day in certain locations where people live and breathe," said CNN senior meteorologist Brandon Miller.

美國有線電視新聞網(wǎng)資深氣象學家布蘭登·米勒說：“加州灣區(qū)和山谷的天氣和地理條件也能將煙霧困在接近地表的地方，這可以使煙霧在一天中的某些時間被困在人們生活和呼吸的某些地點的地面附近。”

Here's some advice for reducing your exposure risk and keeping yourself and your family safe.

這里有一些建議，可以幫助你降低暴露風險，保護你自己和家人的安全。

Wildfire smoke includes particles from burning vegetation and building materials. If your eyes feel like they're stinging, smoke exposure could also be inflicting other damage. Particles could be getting into your respiratory system.

野火的煙霧包括來自燃燒的植被和建筑材料的顆粒。如果你的眼睛感到刺痛，煙霧暴露還可能造成其他傷害。顆?？赡軙M入你的呼吸系統(tǒng)。

Exposure can cause chest pain, a fast heartbeat or wheezing or bring on an asthma attack. Besides coughing and trouble breathing, many people experience symptoms similar to a sinus infection, such as headaches, sore throat, a runny nose and even tiredness, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

接觸(這些顆粒)會引起胸痛、心跳加快、喘息或哮喘發(fā)作。據(jù)美國疾病控制和預防中心介紹，除了咳嗽和呼吸困難，很多人會有類似鼻竇感染的癥狀，比如頭痛、喉嚨痛、流鼻涕，甚至疲倦。

Wildfire smoke can be especially harmful to the elderly, pregnant women, children and those with chronic heart and lung diseases. Because children breathe more air per pound of body weight than adults and their airways are still developing, they may experience more severe symptoms.

野火的煙霧對老年人、孕婦、兒童和患有慢性心肺疾病的人尤其有害。由于兒童每磅體重呼吸的空氣比成年人多，而且他們的呼吸道仍在發(fā)育，他們可能會出現(xiàn)更嚴重的癥狀。

Some people may even experience illnesses like bronchitis due to the fine particles, according to the Environmental Protection Agency.

據(jù)美國環(huán)境保護署稱，有些人甚至會因為這些細顆粒物患上支氣管炎等疾病。

Those with asthma or lung disease living in wildfire country should consult their doctors.

生活在野火(頻發(fā))地區(qū)的哮喘或肺病患者應(yīng)咨詢醫(yī)生。

If you see a haze, smell smoke or know of a wildfire in your area or a place you plan to visit, check the Air Quality Index to see whether you need to limit your time outdoors.

如果你看到霧霾，聞到煙味，或者知道你所在的地區(qū)或你計劃去的地方發(fā)生了火災，檢查一下空氣質(zhì)量指數(shù)，看看你是否需要限制你的戶外時間。

When advised to stay inside, keep your windows and doors closed. It's OK to keep the air conditioner running, but the CDC recommends making sure the filter is clean, and close the fresh-air intake to prevent smoke from entering.

建議待在室內(nèi)時，請關(guān)好門窗。保持空調(diào)運行沒問題，但CDC建議確保過濾器是干凈的，并關(guān)閉新鮮空氣入口，以防止煙霧進入。

It's also important to keep indoor air clean by not burning candles, using gas stoves or fireplaces, or smoking.

保持室內(nèi)空氣清潔也很重要，不要燃燒蠟燭，不要使用煤氣爐或壁爐，也不要吸煙。

Dust masks actually trap large particles and don't protect your lungs from smoke inhalation, but a mask that uses a filtering respirator can offer some protection. The CDC also has tips for how effective different types of masks can be, depending on your exposure.

防塵口罩實際上能捕捉大顆粒，不能保護你的肺不吸入煙霧，但使用過濾式呼吸器的口罩可以提供一些保護。疾病控制和預防中心還根據(jù)你的暴露程度，提供了不同口罩的有效程度的建議。

Pediatric pulmonologists at the Breathing Institute at Children's Hospital Colorado also recommended changing your clothes if you've been outside, rinsing out red, irritated eyes and drinking fluids to keep from being dehydrated. Parents should seek emergency care for their children if they experience real difficulty breathing or a change in their level of consciousness.

科羅拉多州兒童醫(yī)院呼吸研究所的兒科肺科醫(yī)生也建議，如果你外出過，換衣服，沖洗紅腫、過敏的眼睛，多喝水防止脫水。如果他們的孩子確實呼吸困難或意識水平發(fā)生變化，父母應(yīng)該尋求緊急護理。