什么是業(yè)余農(nóng)場(chǎng)?

什么是業(yè)余農(nóng)場(chǎng)?

A hobby farm can have different definitions. But the basic idea is that a hobby farm is a small-scale farm that is primarily for pleasure instead of being a business venture. The owner or owners of a hobby farm typically have a main source of income, like an off-farm job, or a pension or retirement income. Whatever the source, the point is that the farm does not have to make money—it can be engaged in on a hobby level. So if one season's yield isn't favorable, it is considered more of a disappointment rather than a financial loss.

業(yè)余農(nóng)場(chǎng)可以有不同的定義。但其基本理念是，業(yè)余愛好農(nóng)場(chǎng)是一種主要為娛樂(lè)而不是商業(yè)冒險(xiǎn)的小規(guī)模農(nóng)場(chǎng)。業(yè)余農(nóng)場(chǎng)的所有者通常都有主要的收入來(lái)源，比如一份非農(nóng)工作、退休金或退休收入。不管來(lái)源是什么，關(guān)鍵是農(nóng)場(chǎng)并不一定要賺錢——它可以是一種業(yè)余愛好。因此，如果某一季的收成不好，就會(huì)被認(rèn)為是令人失望而不是經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。

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Hobby Farming Vs. Homesteading

業(yè)余農(nóng)場(chǎng)和自耕農(nóng)

Hobby farmers may have a lot of money to invest in their farming endeavors, or they may only have a little and be operating on a shoestring budget. But compared to homesteaders, hobby farmers typically aren't driven by the primary goal of self-sufficiency. They may be very content to continue their jobs and farm on the weekends or to use their retirement income to invest lavishly in the farm animals they choose to keep. The farm may add value to their homes, so minimal upkeep is all they need to retain that value.

業(yè)余農(nóng)業(yè)的農(nóng)民可能有很多錢來(lái)投資他們的農(nóng)業(yè)事業(yè)，或者他們可能只有很少的錢在一個(gè)有限的預(yù)算中運(yùn)作。但與自耕農(nóng)相比，業(yè)余農(nóng)業(yè)的人通常不以自給自足為主要目標(biāo)。他們可能非常滿足于在周末繼續(xù)他們的工作和種地，或者用他們的退休收入對(duì)他們選擇飼養(yǎng)的農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物進(jìn)行慷慨的投資。農(nóng)場(chǎng)可以為他們的房屋增值，所以他們只需要很少的維護(hù)就可以保持價(jià)值。

With hobby farming, there can be some overlap with homesteaders; it's really a spectrum. A hobby farmer may want to be able to maintain the farm with just a part-time job so that she can spend most of her hours farming. She may also want to have a small budget for investing in farm implements, animals, and infrastructure. In this case, it really depends on how the individual farmer identifies. There's a blending of motives and means where a hobby farmer is not very far from a homesteader at times.

對(duì)于業(yè)余耕作，可能會(huì)有一些與自耕農(nóng)的重疊;這是一個(gè)光譜。業(yè)余農(nóng)業(yè)的人可能想要通過(guò)一份兼職工作來(lái)維持農(nóng)場(chǎng)，這樣她就可以把大部分時(shí)間花在種地上。她可能還想要一個(gè)小預(yù)算來(lái)投資農(nóng)具、動(dòng)物和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。在這種情況下，這真的取決于每個(gè)農(nóng)民如何識(shí)別。當(dāng)一個(gè)業(yè)余農(nóng)業(yè)的人有時(shí)與一個(gè)自耕農(nóng)相距不遠(yuǎn)的時(shí)候，他們的動(dòng)機(jī)和手段就混合在一起了。

Should You Start a Hobby Farm?

你應(yīng)該開辦一個(gè)業(yè)余農(nóng)場(chǎng)嗎?

The choice to run a hobby farm is really all about what you feel fits your goals best and describes what you're doing accurately. There are no hard-and-fast rules as to what constitutes a farm, so hobby farmers have a lot of wiggle room.

選擇經(jīng)營(yíng)一個(gè)業(yè)余農(nóng)場(chǎng)真的是所有關(guān)于你覺得最適合你的目標(biāo)和描述你正在做的事情。對(duì)于什么是農(nóng)場(chǎng)并沒(méi)有硬性規(guī)定，所以業(yè)余農(nóng)場(chǎng)的農(nóng)民有很大的回旋余地。

There is something important to know about launching a hobby farm. The U.S. Internal Revenue Service disqualifies hobby farms from receiving tax breaks earmarked for small-farm owners. Some people have claimed hobby farms as tax shelters by looking to avoid paying taxes on pastoral spreads, horse shelters, ?and ranches that they maintain for enjoyment. Section 183 of the U.S. tax code explains the details of tax allowances for hobby farms. Small farms that are in business should be prepared to prove their business operations and income as not to miss out on being designated as a hobby farm and therefore missing out on tax benefits.

關(guān)于開辦業(yè)余農(nóng)場(chǎng)，有一些重要的事情需要知道。美國(guó)國(guó)稅局取消了霍比農(nóng)場(chǎng)獲得專為小農(nóng)場(chǎng)主提供的稅收優(yōu)惠的資格。有些人聲稱，業(yè)余農(nóng)場(chǎng)是避稅的地方，他們希望避免為牧區(qū)、馬棚和他們?yōu)橄硎芏S持的牧場(chǎng)繳稅。美國(guó)稅法第183條解釋了愛好農(nóng)場(chǎng)免稅的細(xì)節(jié)。經(jīng)營(yíng)中的小農(nóng)場(chǎng)應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備好證明他們的經(jīng)營(yíng)和收入，以免錯(cuò)過(guò)被指定為業(yè)余農(nóng)場(chǎng)，從而錯(cuò)過(guò)稅收優(yōu)惠。