如何更新我們的舊公寓大樓

如何更新我們的舊公寓大樓

Fifty or 60 years ago, architects and builders didn't worry much about insulation and moisture control; it just caused problems. It was much simpler just to build a brick wall and add a lot of heat to drive moisture out of the walls. Air conditioning didn't enter the picture, although buildings often had cross-ventilation and balconies. This tower (shown) in Hamilton, Ontario was a good example of the genre; it has a nice, compact plan with lots of corners for ventilation, with the exterior brick still in pretty good shape.

五六十年前，建筑師和建筑商并不太擔(dān)心絕緣和濕度控制;這只會(huì)帶來(lái)問題。建造一堵磚墻，增加大量的熱量，把墻中的濕氣排出，這要簡(jiǎn)單得多。雖然建筑物通常都有交叉通風(fēng)和陽(yáng)臺(tái)，但空調(diào)并不是其中之一。安大略省漢密爾頓的這座塔(如圖所示)就是這種風(fēng)格的一個(gè)很好的例子;它的布局很好，緊湊，有很多角落便于通風(fēng)，外墻的磚仍然很好。

Before and during tower renewal.Tower Renewal Partnership

It also had no insulation, inadequate ventilation, mold and hazardous materials, and lousy thermal control. The brick is just sitting on the concrete slab, so the whole thing is a giant thermal bridge, probably radiating and leaking more heat to the exterior than it keeps inside. It's not very comfortable or healthy; in many cities they would demolish it, which is how we lost architectural icons like Robin Hood Gardens in London. But there is a lot of concrete in this building, a lot of embodied carbon that would have to be replaced if a new building was built.

它也沒有保溫，通風(fēng)不充分，還有霉菌和危險(xiǎn)材料，以及糟糕的熱控制。磚塊就在混凝土板上，所以整個(gè)建筑就像一座巨大的熱橋，可能向外部輻射和泄漏的熱量比留在內(nèi)部的要多。它既不舒服也不健康;在許多城市，他們會(huì)拆除它，這就是為什么我們失去了像倫敦的羅賓漢花園這樣的建筑標(biāo)志。但是在這個(gè)建筑里有很多混凝土，很多含有碳的東西如果要建新的建筑就必須要被替換掉。

Base conditions. Tower Renewal Partnership

Looking at this list, one has to wonder if it's worth it, it seems almost everything inside the building is due for replacement. But it's a lot of concrete, like most buildings of the period, the units are generous, and possibly most importantly, it exists; its hard to get these buildings approved in these NIMBY times.

看了這張單子，人們不禁會(huì)想這是否值得，似乎這棟樓里的所有東西都該被替換了。但它有很多混凝土，和那個(gè)時(shí)期的大多數(shù)建筑一樣，單位很寬敞，可能最重要的是，它存在;在這個(gè)鄰避時(shí)代，這些建筑很難得到批準(zhǔn)。

Passive House Renewal. Tower Renewal Partnership

The restored units have sprinklers for life safety and a complete wrap of noncombustible insulation in an airtight envelope with triple-glazed windows. The balconies were a nice feature to have, but they were impossible thermal bridges, like radiator fins to the exterior with two edges connecting to the building, but now the residents have air conditioning.

修復(fù)后的房屋裝有噴水滅火裝置，以保護(hù)生命安全，并在一個(gè)密封的三層玻璃窗內(nèi)完全包裹著不燃絕緣材料。陽(yáng)臺(tái)是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的特點(diǎn)，但它們是不可能的熱橋，像散熱片到外部，有兩個(gè)邊緣連接到建筑，但現(xiàn)在居民有空調(diào)。

Ventilation Systems. Tower Renewal Partnership

Ventilation is one of the most difficult aspects of a building like this. In condominiums, where the units are owned by individuals, there are often individual AC units in each unit, exhaust fans in the bathroom and fresh air admitted under the door to the hall. In rental units, you need a system that is easier to maintain, which is why it is often centralized for easy access. Getting direct ducting into suites like this is the best way to do it, but it certainly isn't the cheapest.

通風(fēng)是像這樣的建筑最困難的方面之一。在私人所有的共管公寓中，每個(gè)單元通常都有單獨(dú)的空調(diào)單元，衛(wèi)生間里有排風(fēng)扇，新鮮空氣通過門進(jìn)入大廳。在租賃單元中，您需要一個(gè)更容易維護(hù)的系統(tǒng)，這就是為什么它通常是集中的，以便于訪問。像這樣直接導(dǎo)入套件是最好的方法，但它肯定不是最便宜的。

The other thing we have learned is you have to test and verify that the building is built to the specifications and meets the criteria. I like the way that the Tower Renewal Partnership has an "Air Boss" monitoring every step of the job. Finding leaks after the fact is never as easy as doing it right in the first place and catching mistakes early.

我們學(xué)到的另一件事是，你必須測(cè)試和驗(yàn)證建筑是否符合規(guī)格和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。我喜歡“塔更新合作伙伴”有一個(gè)“空中老板”監(jiān)督每一步工作的方式。在事實(shí)發(fā)生后發(fā)現(xiàn)漏洞并不像一開始就做好并盡早發(fā)現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤那么容易。

Tower Renewal Partnership

There are many things to love about Passive House; as they note on the Accelerator website, "Passive House design and construction creates comfortable, healthy, energy-efficient, resilient, and beautiful buildings."

被動(dòng)房有很多值得我們喜愛的地方;正如他們?cè)诩铀倨骶W(wǎng)站上所說(shuō)，“被動(dòng)式房屋的設(shè)計(jì)和建造創(chuàng)造了舒適、健康、節(jié)能、有彈性和美麗的建筑。”

The Ken Soble building also shows how it can give new life to existing buildings, provide greater accessibility, life safety, and community.

Ken Soble建筑也展示了它如何賦予現(xiàn)有建筑新的生命，提供更大的可達(dá)性，生命安全和社區(qū)。