研究表明，適量飲酒可以改善老年人的認知健康

研究表明，適量飲酒可以改善老年人的認知健康

If you enjoy a daily cocktail or some wine with dinner, you'll want to raise your glass to this: A new study found low to moderate drinking may improve cognitive function for White middle-aged or older adults.

如果你喜歡每天在晚餐時喝一杯雞尾酒或葡萄酒，你會想要為這一點舉杯:一項新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，低至適度的飲酒可能會改善中年或老年白人的認知功能。

Low to moderate drinking was defined as less than eight drinks per week for women and less than 15 drinks per week for men.

低至適度飲酒定義為女性每周少于8杯，男性每周少于15杯。

The findings support prior research which found that, generally, one standard drink a day for women and two a day for men -- which is the US guidance -- appears to offer some cognitive benefits.

這一發(fā)現(xiàn)支持了之前的研究，即一般來說，女性每天喝一杯標準的飲酒量，男性每天喝兩杯標準飲酒量——這是美國的指導——似乎對認知有一些好處。

"What we know for sure is that drinking too much alcohol definitely harms the brain in a major way. What is less clear is whether or not low to moderate intake may be protective in certain people, or if total abstinence is the most sound advice," said neurologist Dr. Richard Isaacson, founder of the Alzheimer's Prevention Clinic at NewYork-Presbyterian and Weill Cornell Medical Center.

“我們確定的是，喝太多酒肯定會在很大程度上損害大腦。紐約長老會和威爾康奈爾醫(yī)學中心阿爾茨海默病預防診所的創(chuàng)始人、神經(jīng)學家理查德·艾薩克森博士說：“目前尚不清楚的是，低到適度的攝入量是否對某些人有保護作用，還是完全戒斷是否是最合理的建議。”。

When compared with those who said they never drank, low to moderate drinking was associated with significantly higher cognition scores for mental status, word recall and vocabulary over time, as well as with lower rates of decline in each of those areas.

與那些說他們從不喝酒的人相比，低到中度飲酒的人在精神狀態(tài)、單詞記憶和詞匯方面的認知得分顯著更高，而且這些方面的下降率也較低。

"Few studies have evaluated whether the effects are similar in different racial or ethnic groups," Anstey said. "This [finding] raises the possibility that ethnic groups vary in their vulnerability to the cognitive effects of alcohol."

“很少有研究評估這種影響是否在不同的種族或民族群體中相似，”安斯蒂說。“這一發(fā)現(xiàn)提出了一種可能性，即不同民族對酒精認知影響的脆弱性有所不同。”

However, Anstey cautioned, there are founding factors to consider before defaulting to any conclusions that drinking varies by race.

然而，安斯蒂提醒說，在得出飲酒因種族而異的結(jié)論之前，有一些基礎(chǔ)因素需要考慮。

"Patterns of alcohol drinking are associated with socio-economic status and other cultural factors," she said. "It is very difficult to disentangle the biological from social mechanisms at play here."

她說:“飲酒模式與社會經(jīng)濟地位和其他文化因素有關(guān)。”“在這里，很難把生物學和社會機制分離開來。”

In the end, this new study doesn't change what most doctors already recommend, experts say.

最后，專家說，這項新研究并沒有改變大多數(shù)醫(yī)生已經(jīng)提出的建議。

"In my clinical practice, I look at the totality of evidence and then individualize recommendations for the person being cared for," Isaacson said.

艾薩克森說:“在我的臨床實踐中，我會查看所有的證據(jù)，然后為被照顧的人提出個性化的建議。”

For women, a general maximum target is about four to six drinks per week in his Alzheimer's prevention clinic, he said. In men that would be 10 to 12 servings per week.

他說，對于女性來說，他的阿爾茨海默氏癥預防診所的一般最高目標是每周喝四到六杯酒。男性則是每周10到12杯。

"But this is not a 'one size fits all' choice," Isaacson added. "These decisions should be tailored based on body weight, for example, and also modified based on whether the person has a history of alcohol or substance abuse.

“但這并不是一個‘一刀切’的選擇，”艾薩克森補充道。例如，這些決定應(yīng)該根據(jù)人的體重進行調(diào)整，并根據(jù)此人是否有酗酒史或藥物濫用史進行修改。

"Further, it's not just about 'what and how much' alcohol, it's also important to consider 'when and how' the alcohol is consumed, Isaacson said.

此外，艾薩克森還說，這不僅僅是關(guān)于“喝了什么酒和喝了多少酒”，重要的是要考慮“何時以及如何”消費酒精。

For example, having a glass of wine with an early dinner is "more sensible than two glasses late at night on an empty stomach close to bedtime," he said.

他舉例說，早吃飯時喝一杯葡萄酒“比在深夜臨睡前空腹喝兩杯更明智”。

"Alcohol before bed has the tendency to lead to poorer overall quality sleep, which also impacts dementia risk," he added.

“睡前飲酒會導致整體睡眠質(zhì)量下降，這也會影響癡呆癥的風險，”他補充道。