新的研究表明，雜貨店和大學應該首先重新開放

新的研究表明，雜貨店和大學應該首先重新開放

New research suggests grocery stores, banks, dentists, universities and big box stores like Walmart should reopen earlier and face fewer restrictions as communities open up after pandemic lockdowns.

新的研究表明，雜貨店、銀行、牙醫(yī)、大學和像沃爾瑪這樣的大賣場應該更早開業(yè)，隨著社區(qū)在大范圍的封鎖后重新開放，它們所面臨的限制也應該減少。

The study, released on Tuesday, also determined that cafes, gyms, sporting goods stores, bookstores, tobacco and liquor stores should be kept closed until later.

這項于周二發(fā)布的研究還規(guī)定，咖啡館、健身房、體育用品商店、書店、煙酒商店應該關門到晚些時候。

The researchers who took part in a Massachusetts Institute of Technology-led initiative did a cost benefit analysis of 26 different location types to determine what the tradeoff would be between someone's relative risk of getting infected during a visit and the importance of that establishment in that person's life and to the economy.

參與麻省理工學院領導的一項倡議的研究人員對26種不同的地點類型進行了成本效益分析，以權衡了一個人在訪問期間(進入不同地點期間)受到感染的相對風險與該地點在該人生活和經濟中的重要性。

They also used anonymous geolocation data from 47 million mobile phones to track where people went in the United States during February and March.

他們還使用來自4700萬部手機的匿名地理定位數(shù)據(jù)來追蹤人們在2月和3月在美國的去向。

How risky a location could be was based in part on how much social contact someone would have in that location, how many hours they'd spend there, how crowded it would be, how many visits they'd make.

一個地點的風險有多大，部分取決于一個人在這個地點會有多少社交聯(lián)系，在那里會呆多少小時，會有多擁擠，會有多少次訪問。

Researchers also factored in visits by people 65 years and older and the distance traveled to the location. They measured economic benefits using US Census statistics and nationally representative consumer survey data.

研究人員還考慮了65歲以上的人的訪問以及到那里的距離。他們使用美國人口普查數(shù)據(jù)和全國有代表性的消費者調查數(shù)據(jù)來衡量經濟效益。

They found some surprises.

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些驚喜。

Some categories were easy -- grocery stores have an obvious benefit and museums and movie theaters were of relatively low importance.

有些分類很簡單，雜貨店有明顯的好處，博物館和電影院相對不重要。

"Hardware stores are the location which has seen the largest increase in visits, as individuals scrounge for personal protective equipment and other home supplies," the researchers noted.

研究人員指出:“五金店是購物人數(shù)增加最多的地方，因為人們在五金店尋找個人防護裝備和其他家居用品。”

"We find that banks, general merchandise stores (e.g. Walmart), dentists, grocery stores, and colleges and universities should face relatively loose restrictions. Gyms, sporting goods stores, liquor and tobacco stores, bookstores, and cafes should face relatively tight restrictions," they concluded.

“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，銀行、百貨商店(如沃爾瑪)、牙醫(yī)、雜貨店和大學應該面臨相對寬松的限制。健身房、體育用品商店、煙酒商店、書店和咖啡館應該面臨相對嚴格的限制。”他們總結道。

The authors said there is a limitation to their analysis.

作者表示，他們的分析存在局限性。

Many locations can make adjustments to limit contact. Most retailers can offer curbside pickup so people don't have to go in the stores. For gyms, on the other hand, it's harder since they emphasize physical contact and are locations where mask use is "unpleasant," the researchers wrote.

許多位置可以調整以限制接觸。大多數(shù)零售商可以提供路邊取貨服務，這樣人們就不用去商店了。另一方面，對于健身房來說，就更難了，因為他們強調身體接觸，而且是使用口罩“令人不愉快”的地方，研究人員寫道。

Since many states have had to make reopening and closing decisions in the dark, the researchers said they hope their work will help policymakers figure out how to reopen the economy safely this time.

由于許多州不得不在這個黑暗時刻做出重新開放和關閉的決定，研究人員說，他們希望他們的工作將幫助決策者找出這次如何安全地重新開放經濟。