運(yùn)動(dòng)和飲食如何影響冠狀病毒感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

運(yùn)動(dòng)和飲食如何影響冠狀病毒感染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

How you move and how you eat could have an impact on how your body responds when faced with the coronavirus. Like so many other health complications, diet and exercise seem to affect the body's ability to fight COVID-19 — the disease caused by the coronavirus — and its complications.

當(dāng)你面對(duì)冠狀病毒時(shí)，你的移動(dòng)和飲食方式可能會(huì)影響你的身體反應(yīng)。和許多其他健康并發(fā)癥一樣，飲食和鍛煉似乎會(huì)影響身體對(duì)抗COVID-19(由冠狀病毒引起的疾病)及其并發(fā)癥的能力。

Fitness instructor Julia Basa leads an online Zumba class from her backyard in Melbourne, Australia, in early April. (Photo: Robert Cianflone/Getty Images)

Exercise and COVID-19 complications

運(yùn)動(dòng)和COVID-19并發(fā)癥

Regular exercise may help reduce the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a dangerous and potentially fatal condition caused by COVID-19, according to new research.

根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究，經(jīng)常鍛煉可能有助于降低急性呼吸窘迫綜合征(ARDS)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，急性呼吸窘迫綜合征是由COVID-19引起的一種危險(xiǎn)且可能致命的疾病。

ARDS results when fluid builds up in in the tiny air sacs in the lungs, according to the Mayo Clinic. When this happens, lungs aren't able to fill completely because of the fluid. That means less oxygen reaches the bloodstream, so organs don't have enough oxygen to function.

梅奧診所稱，當(dāng)液體在肺部的微小氣囊中積聚時(shí)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生ARDS。當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時(shí)，由于液體的存在，肺部無(wú)法完全充滿。這意味著進(jìn)入血液的氧氣更少，因此器官?zèng)]有足夠的氧氣來(lái)運(yùn)作。

Yan, the director of the Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at UVA's Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, reviewed medical research of an antioxidant known as extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD). The antioxidant protects tissues from damage and increases healing. It's naturally made by muscles, but production is increased during cardiovascular exercise. The results of the findings were published in Redox Biology.

弗吉尼亞大學(xué)Robert M. Berne心血管研究中心骨骼肌研究中心主任Yan回顧了一種被稱為細(xì)胞外超氧化物歧化酶(EcSOD)的抗氧化劑的醫(yī)學(xué)研究?？寡趸瘎┍Ｗo(hù)組織免受傷害，促進(jìn)愈合。它是由肌肉自然產(chǎn)生的，但在心血管運(yùn)動(dòng)中會(huì)增加。研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《氧化還原生物學(xué)》雜志上。

According to Yan's analysis, even just one workout session can increase production of the antioxidant. So, he's encouraging people to find a way to exercise while making sure to maintain social distancing.

根據(jù)Yan的分析，即使只是一次鍛煉就可以增加抗氧化劑的產(chǎn)生。所以，他鼓勵(lì)人們?cè)诒３稚缃痪嚯x的同時(shí)找到一種鍛煉的方式。

How diet impacts coronavirus risk

飲食如何影響冠狀病毒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

It can be difficult to find healthy foods based on where you live, what's available in stores and what you can afford. (Photo: Mlnp/Shutterstock.com)

In addition to exercise, diet plays a key role in how our bodies respond to the coronavirus. We know that underlying conditions are what make so many people susceptible to COVID-19. Those with obesity, Type 2 diabetes, heart disease or high blood pressure are at the highest risk. Many of these conditions are impacted by diet.

除了鍛煉，飲食在我們的身體如何應(yīng)對(duì)冠狀病毒方面也起著關(guān)鍵作用。我們知道，導(dǎo)致如此多的人容易感染COVID-19的根本原因。肥胖、2型糖尿病、心臟病或高血壓患者的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最高。很多情況都受到飲食的影響。

But it's not just making a few smart food choices once in a while. It's a complete lifestyle change that can be affected by everything from where and how you live to culture, resources and habits.

但這不僅僅是偶爾做出一些明智的食物選擇。這是一種完全的生活方式的改變，從你生活的地方和方式到文化、資源和習(xí)慣都會(huì)影響到你。

Poor diet is "now the leading cause of poor health in the U.S.," Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian, dean of the Freidman School of Nutrition Science and Policy at Tufts University, told Jane E. Brody of The New York Times. Fewer than one American adult in five is metabolically healthy, he said.

在美國(guó)，不良的飲食習(xí)慣是導(dǎo)致健康狀況不佳的主要原因。塔夫茨大學(xué)弗雷德曼營(yíng)養(yǎng)科學(xué)與政策學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)達(dá)里烏什·莫扎法里安博士對(duì)《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》的簡(jiǎn)·E·布羅迪說(shuō)。他說(shuō)，只有不到五分之一的美國(guó)成年人代謝是健康的。

Many people are turning to unhealthy comfort foods during this crisis. Others are limited in what they can find because of empty store shelves. But the biggest problem is those who live in food deserts and poor communities that never had access to healthy foods in the first place.

許多人在這場(chǎng)危機(jī)中轉(zhuǎn)向不健康的安慰食品。還有一些人因?yàn)樯痰甑呢浖苁强盏?，所以他們能找到的東西有限。但最大的問(wèn)題是那些生活在食物沙漠和貧困社區(qū)的人，他們從一開(kāi)始就無(wú)法獲得健康的食物。

"Clearly, when this pandemic subsides, a lot more attention to the American diet will be needed to ward off future medical, economic and social calamities from whatever pathogen next comes down the pike."

“很明顯，當(dāng)這場(chǎng)大流行消退后，美國(guó)人的飲食將需要更多的關(guān)注，以避免未來(lái)的醫(yī)療、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)災(zāi)難，無(wú)論下一個(gè)病原體是什么。”