如何安全避免曬傷

如何安全避免曬傷

The only way to safely escape the familiar interiors of our homes during this pandemic is to go outside into the fresh air, bask in the beauty of nature and get some desperately needed exercise.

在這次大流行期間，安全逃離我們熟悉的室內(nèi)環(huán)境的唯一方法是到戶外呼吸新鮮空氣，沐浴在大自然的美景中，并進(jìn)行一些急需的鍛煉。

Of course, you're using safety precautions to protect yourself from the virus — walking 6 feet or more from others, wearing a mask, avoiding touching your face, washing your hands — but have you thought of the necessity of protecting your skin?

當(dāng)然，你使用安全預(yù)防措施來(lái)保護(hù)自己免受病毒的侵害，走路時(shí)距離別人6英尺或更遠(yuǎn)，戴口罩，避免觸摸你的臉，洗手，但是你有沒(méi)有想過(guò)保護(hù)你的皮膚的必要性?

The danger of skin cancer certainly hasn't disappeared during the age of coronavirus, and using sunscreen is more important than ever, experts say.

專家說(shuō)，在冠狀病毒時(shí)期，皮膚癌的危險(xiǎn)肯定沒(méi)有消失，使用防曬霜比以往任何時(shí)候都更重要。

Melanoma, one of the most deadly forms of skin cancer, has been on the rise globally for decades. And while survival rates are getting better, melanoma is still the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States.

黑素瘤是一種最致命的皮膚癌，幾十年來(lái)在全球范圍內(nèi)呈上升趨勢(shì)。雖然存活率有所提高，但黑色素瘤仍是美國(guó)第五大最常見(jiàn)的癌癥。

But before you slather on some sunscreen, you might want to check out the 2020 list of safer sunscreens put out by the Environmental Working Group, or EWG, a consumer organization that advocates for sunscreen safety.

但在你涂防曬霜之前，你可能要看看環(huán)境工作小組(簡(jiǎn)稱EWG)發(fā)布的2020年更安全防曬霜名單。EWG是一個(gè)倡導(dǎo)防曬霜安全的消費(fèi)者組織。

"This year, 75% of the SPF [sun protection factor] products EWG assessed still contained worrisome ingredients and/or do not provide adequate sun protection," said Nneka Leiba, vice president of healthy living science at EWG.

EWG健康生活科學(xué)副總裁尼克·雷巴說(shuō):“今年，經(jīng)EWG評(píng)估，75%的SPF防曬產(chǎn)品仍然含有令人擔(dān)憂的成分，而且/或者沒(méi)有提供足夠的防曬保護(hù)。”

Hidden dangers of sunscreens

防曬霜的潛在危害

Last year the US Food and Drug Administration called for additional testing of a dozen common sunscreen ingredients after finding that six of them can enter a person's bloodstream after just one day of use — and then last in the bloodstream for seven to 21 days.

去年，美國(guó)食品和藥物管理局(FDA)要求對(duì)12種常見(jiàn)防曬成分進(jìn)行額外檢測(cè)。因?yàn)樗麄儼l(fā)現(xiàn)，其中6種防曬霜成分在使用一天后就可以進(jìn)入人體血液，然后在血液中持續(xù)7至21天，

"What is most alarming about these findings is that chemicals are absorbing into the body in significant amounts and the ingredients have not been fully tested for safety," said EWG senior scientist David Andrews in a CNN interview .

EWG的資深科學(xué)家大衛(wèi)·安德魯斯在接受CNN采訪時(shí)表示:“這些發(fā)現(xiàn)最令人擔(dān)憂的是，化學(xué)物質(zhì)大量被人體吸收，而這些成分還沒(méi)有經(jīng)過(guò)完全的安全測(cè)試。”

At the time, the Personal Care Products Council and the Consumer Healthcare Products Association countered: "The presence of these ingredients in plasma does not suggest a safety issue, and there were no serious drug-related adverse events reported in the trial."

當(dāng)時(shí)，個(gè)人護(hù)理產(chǎn)品委員會(huì)和消費(fèi)者保健產(chǎn)品協(xié)會(huì)反駁道:“血漿中這些成分的存在并不意味著存在安全問(wèn)題，試驗(yàn)中沒(méi)有報(bào)告與藥物相關(guān)的嚴(yán)重不良事件。”

FDA's new guidelines blocked

FDA的新指南受阻

The FDA has been working on more stringent guidelines on sunscreen testing and safety for decades. In 2019 the agency proposed what was to be a set of final rules that placed safety testing requirements on manufacturers, a stipulation that had not been in place before.

數(shù)十年來(lái)，F(xiàn)DA一直致力于制定更嚴(yán)格的防曬霜測(cè)試和安全準(zhǔn)則。該機(jī)構(gòu)在2019年提出了一套最終規(guī)則，對(duì)制造商提出了安全測(cè)試要求，這是一項(xiàng)以前從未有過(guò)的規(guī)定。

"There have been a number of technological advances in the formulation of sunscreens," the FDA wrote in the proposed regulations, which "have led to currently marketed products with more active ingredients combined together in higher concentrations than were previously used.

FDA在提案中寫(xiě)道:“在防曬產(chǎn)品的配方方面已經(jīng)取得了多項(xiàng)技術(shù)進(jìn)步，這使得目前上市的產(chǎn)品中含有更多的活性成分，其濃度比以前更高。”

"The FDA is now saying we need to treat them like drugs. We need to understand much more about how they work, and we really need to know about their safety as well," Lichtenfeld said.

“FDA現(xiàn)在說(shuō)我們需要像對(duì)待藥物一樣對(duì)待它們。我們需要更多地了解它們是如何工作的，我們也確實(shí)需要了解它們的效用，”利成費(fèi)德說(shuō)。

As 2020 began, the proposed rules were in a public comment phase, but now all that has come to a halt, EWG's Andrews told CNN Wednesday.

EWG的安德魯斯周三告訴CNN, 2020年伊始，擬議的規(guī)則還處于公眾評(píng)論階段，但現(xiàn)在這一切都停止了。

Two sections tucked into the March Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act, or CARES, rewrote the law on the regulation of over-the-counter drugs, which includes sunscreens. "In effect [it] says that all currently used sunscreen ingredients are safe and effective as written in 1999," Andrews said.

三月份的《冠狀病毒援助、救濟(jì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)安全法》(CARES)中有兩個(gè)章節(jié)改寫(xiě)了包括防曬霜在內(nèi)的非處方藥監(jiān)管法。”事實(shí)上(它)說(shuō)目前使用的所有防曬成分都是安全有效的，正如1999年寫(xiě)的那樣，”安德魯斯說(shuō)。

How to protect from the sun

如何防曬

All of this uncertainty may leave consumers unsure of what to do, and experts worry some may forgo the use of sunscreen altogether. But, experts warned, that's an even worse idea than exposing you or your family to chemicals that have not yet been proven to be harmful.

所有這些不確定性可能會(huì)讓消費(fèi)者不確定該做什么，專家擔(dān)心有些人可能會(huì)完全放棄使用防曬霜。但是，專家警告說(shuō)，這是一個(gè)比讓你和你的家人接觸到還沒(méi)有被證明有害的化學(xué)物質(zhì)更糟糕的主意。

To provide consumers with vetted choices, the EWG puts out a yearly sunscreen guide. For its 14th Annual Sunscreen Guide, the group said it analyzed the ingredients and performance of more than 1,300 products with sun protection factors, 700 of which are marketed as beach and sport sunscreens.

為了給消費(fèi)者提供經(jīng)過(guò)審查的選擇，EWG每年都會(huì)發(fā)布一份防曬霜指南。在其第14份年度防曬霜指南中，該組織稱，它分析了1300多種含有防曬因子的產(chǎn)品的成分和性能，其中700種是作為海灘和運(yùn)動(dòng)防曬霜銷售的。

For those who are concerned about chemicals entering their bloodstream, there are two types of mineral (not chemical) sunscreen ingredients considered safe and effective by the FDA: titanium dioxide and zinc oxide.

對(duì)于那些擔(dān)心化學(xué)物質(zhì)進(jìn)入血液的人來(lái)說(shuō)，有兩種礦物質(zhì)成分(非化學(xué)成分)的防曬霜被FDA認(rèn)為是安全有效的:二氧化鈦和氧化鋅。

Sunscreens made with minerals physically deflect and block the sun's rays, as opposed to sunscreens with chemical filters that absorb the UVB rays and release heat as they break down.

由礦物質(zhì)制成的防曬霜在物理上可以偏轉(zhuǎn)和阻擋太陽(yáng)光，而化學(xué)過(guò)濾的防曬霜?jiǎng)t可以吸收UVB射線并在分解過(guò)程中釋放熱量。

In fact the SPF (sun protection factor) of sunscreens applies only to the UVB rays that cause sunburn and not the UVA rays that also damage and age the skin.

事實(shí)上，防曬霜的SPF(防曬系數(shù))只適用于導(dǎo)致曬傷的UVB射線，而不適用于同樣會(huì)損傷和老化皮膚的UVA射線。