如何教育孩子性別平等

如何教育孩子性別平等

Ask a group of New Jersey fifth- and sixth-graders about the differences between girls and boys, and at first it gets a tad uncomfortable.

問一群新澤西州五年級和六年級的學(xué)生關(guān)于男孩和女孩之間的差異，一開始會(huì)有點(diǎn)不舒服。

"That would be kind of awkward," said Tyler Schlegel, who is in his last year at Lincoln Elementary School in Caldwell, New Jersey.

泰勒·施萊格爾是新澤西州考德威爾市林肯小學(xué)的最后一年學(xué)生，他說：“那會(huì)有點(diǎn)尷尬。”

Once I clarified that I wasn't interested in the physical contrasts but wanted to know whether he and his classmates thought there were other differences between boys and girls, he relaxed quite a bit.

當(dāng)我澄清我對身體方面的對比不感興趣，但想知道他和他的同學(xué)是否認(rèn)為男孩和女孩之間還有其他的差異時(shí)，他放松了不少。

"Oh, that makes more sense," he said.

“哦，這更有意義，”他說。

I asked gender questions such as: Who is smarter? Who raise their hands more? Who is better at sports: girls or boys?

我問了一些性別問題，比如:誰更聰明?誰舉手比較多?誰更擅長運(yùn)動(dòng):男孩還是女孩?

"Boys get in trouble more, but it depends who it is," Tyler said.

“男孩更容易惹上麻煩，但這取決于是誰惹的，”泰勒說。

"Girls, I know, like to wear makeup, a lot of them, and boys don't," said Toniann Garruto, a fifth-grader.

五年級學(xué)生托尼安·加魯托說:“我知道，很多女孩喜歡化妝，而男孩不喜歡。”

"In the classroom, there is definitely more gossip with the girls," said Casey Wescott, who just started middle school.

剛上初中的凱西·威斯科特說:“在教室里，女生之間的流言蜚語肯定更多。”

"Boys are usually stronger or faster; that's what my brother likes to say," added Fiona Laddey, another fifth-grader.

“男孩通常更強(qiáng)壯或更快;我哥哥就喜歡這么說。”另一位五年級學(xué)生菲奧娜·拉德伊補(bǔ)充道。

As they answered, you could hear stereotypes already forming, even in elementary school, which was not a surprise to Katie Hurley, a child and adolescent psychotherapist, writer, speaker and author.

當(dāng)他們回答時(shí)，你可以聽到已經(jīng)形成的刻板印象，即使是在小學(xué)，這對兒童和青少年心理治療專家、作家、演說家和作家凱蒂·赫爾利來說并不奇怪。

Children are internalizing the messages they hear from their parents and teachers and what they see on television and in video games, movies and music, she said.

她說，孩子們正在內(nèi)化他們從父母和老師那里聽到的信息，以及他們在電視、電子游戲、電影和音樂中看到的東西。

Stereotypes set in at an early age

在很小的時(shí)候就形成了刻板印象

According to a recent report by Common Sense Media, "Watching Gender: How Stereotypes in Movies and on TV Impact Kids' Development," gender stereotypes play a big role in teaching boys and girls what the culture expects of them.

根據(jù)常識媒體最近的一份報(bào)告《觀察性別:電影和電視上的刻板印象如何影響兒童的發(fā)展》，性別刻板印象在教育男孩和女孩文化對他們的期望方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。

Kids between the ages of 7 and 10 start to attribute certain qualities to women and men, such as that men are aggressive and women are emotional.

7歲到10歲的孩子開始把某些品質(zhì)歸因于男女，比如男人好斗，女人情緒化。

"Sadly, the stereotypes that we see in media are very problematic and as big business continues to market specifically for girls and boys, gender-based norms are only becoming more ingrained," Jayneen Sanders, an author, publisher and advocate for gender equality education at home and in schools, said in an email. "Our girls see little choice other than pink and 'cute' in (the) girl's section and our boys see no other choice than blue or grey in the boy's section," said Sanders, author of several books for children including "No Difference Between Us."

“可悲的是，我們在媒體上看到的刻板印象是非常有問題的，隨著大企業(yè)繼續(xù)專為男孩和女孩營銷，基于性別的規(guī)范只會(huì)變得更加根深蒂固，”作家、出版人、家庭和學(xué)校性別平等教育的倡導(dǎo)者杰妮恩·桑德斯在電子郵件中說。桑德斯曾著有多本兒童讀物，其中包括《我們之間沒有區(qū)別》。桑德斯說:“我們的女孩在女生專區(qū)只能看到粉紅色和‘可愛’，而我們的男孩在男生專區(qū)只能看到藍(lán)色或灰色。”

This gender stereotyping continues to be reinforced "every hour of every day" online, on television and in games, songs and books. "And because the adults in these children's lives see and perpetuate the same messages, gender stereotyping continues to be reinforced in our homes and classrooms," Sanders said.

這種性別刻板印象在網(wǎng)絡(luò)、電視、游戲、歌曲和書籍中“每時(shí)每刻”都在強(qiáng)化。桑德斯說:“因?yàn)樵谶@些孩子的生活中，成年人看到并延續(xù)了同樣的信息，性別刻板印象在我們的家庭和教室里繼續(xù)得到強(qiáng)化。”

'Boys will be boys' and 'girls will be girls'

“男孩就是男孩”，“女孩就是女孩”

Parents can help teach their kids about gender equality by never using gender as an excuse for behavior, experts say.

專家表示，父母可以通過不把性別作為行為的借口來幫助教育孩子性別平等。

"Do boys roughhouse? Sure, but so do girls," Hurley said. "I have a son and a daughter, and my daughter is way more a roughhouser than my son."

“男孩打鬧嗎?當(dāng)然，但是女孩子也一樣。”赫爾利說。“我有一個(gè)兒子和一個(gè)女兒，我的女兒比我的兒子更粗魯。”

Sanders said parents and teachers should make sure they are not reinforcing traditional gender roles. Girls can take out the garbage, and boys can do dishes, she said. Let both boys and girls know it's OK to express and discuss their feelings and emotions and to cry when they are sad.

桑德斯說，家長和教師應(yīng)該確保他們沒有強(qiáng)化傳統(tǒng)的性別角色。女孩可以倒垃圾，男孩可以洗碗，她說。讓男孩和女孩都知道，表達(dá)和討論他們的感受和情緒是可以的，當(dāng)他們傷心時(shí)哭泣也是可以的。