怎樣才能結束關閉?控制冠狀病毒的5個關鍵

怎樣才能結束關閉?控制冠狀病毒的5個關鍵

First things first: it's not yet time to end social distancing and go back to work and church and concerts and handshakes.

首先:現(xiàn)在還不是結束社交距離、回到工作、教堂、音樂會和握手的時候。

Public health experts say social distancing appears to be working, and letting up these measures too soon could be disastrous. Until there is a sustained reduction in new cases — and the coronavirus' spread is clearly slowing — we need to stay the course.

公共衛(wèi)生專家表示，社會距離似乎正在起作用，過早放開這些措施可能會帶來災難性后果。在新病例的持續(xù)減少，以及冠狀病毒的傳播明顯放緩之前，我們需要堅持下去。

Still, society can't stay shut down forever. Public health and state leaders are starting to talk about how and when to relax social distancing guidelines, and President Trump is expected to soon announce finalized guidelines to help states make those decisions. Even then, it's clear that life won't go back to normal all at once. A lot of it will come down to local and regional circumstances.

然而，社會不可能永遠關閉。公共衛(wèi)生和各州領導人開始討論如何以及何時放松社會距離指導方針，特朗普總統(tǒng)預計將很快宣布幫助各州做出這些決定的最終指導方針。即便如此，很明顯，生活不會馬上回到正常狀態(tài)。其中很大一部分將取決于當?shù)睾偷貐^(qū)的情況。

Here are five key things health experts say must be addressed as we begin to start businesses and community life up again.

以下是健康專家認為在我們重啟企業(yè)業(yè)和社區(qū)生活時必須解決的5個關鍵問題。

1. Improve rapid testing

提高快速測試（能力）

Among public health leaders, the mantra for stopping coronavirus from surging is "test, trace and isolate." Widespread testing with fast results is the first step — if we don't have enough tests, we don't know where the virus is spreading. This has been a major sticking point in the U.S. response to the coronavirus, though progress has been made.

在公共衛(wèi)生領導人中，防止冠狀病毒激增的口號是“檢測、追蹤和隔離”。廣泛的檢測和快速的結果是第一步，如果我們沒有足夠的檢測，我們就不知道病毒在哪里傳播。這一直是美國應對冠狀病毒的一個主要癥結，盡管已經(jīng)取得了進展。

A test that provides results in less than 15 minutes is now available in some hospitals and doctor's offices. The company that produces it, Abbott, says it is able to provide about 50.000 tests per day.

一種不到15分鐘就能得出結果的檢測方法現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)在一些醫(yī)院和醫(yī)生的辦公室里使用了。生產(chǎn)這種疫苗的Abbott公司表示，他們每天能夠提供大約5萬次測試。

2. Massively upgrade contact tracing capacity

大規(guī)模提升聯(lián)系人跟蹤能力

The next step in "test, trace, isolate" is "trace" — a shorthand for contact tracing. By tracking and communicating with the contacts of a confirmed COVID-19 case who are themselves at risk for infection, health workers can dramatically slow the chain of transmission.

“測試、跟蹤、隔離”的下一步是“跟蹤”。通過跟蹤并與一個本身就有感染的風險的確診的COVID-19病例的接觸者溝通，衛(wèi)生工作者可以大大減緩傳播鏈。

3. Create systems to isolate the sick and protect the vulnerable

建立隔離病人和保護弱勢群體的制度

Once the contacts of COVID-19 patients are traced, many will need to separate themselves from society for two weeks to be sure they are not infectious.

一旦追蹤到COVID-19患者的接觸者，許多人將需要與社會隔離兩周，以確保他們沒有傳染性。

Part of a complete strategy for quarantine is that you provide places apart from the home and community where those who've been exposed can — in a comfortable setting — spend the time of their quarantine where they are not going to infect others.

隔離的一個完整策略是，你提供一個遠離家庭和社區(qū)的地方，讓那些被暴露(感染)的人可以在一個舒適的環(huán)境中，在他們不會感染其他人的地方度過隔離時間。

4. Build up hospital capacity and the PPE supply chain

建立醫(yī)院能力和個人防護裝備供應鏈

Hospitals have been scrambling to be able to handle more and more COVID-19 patients, but there's still work to be done to make sure they're ready for possible new waves of infections.

醫(yī)院一直在努力應對越來越多的COVID-19患者，但仍有工作要做，以確保他們?yōu)榭赡艹霈F(xiàn)的新一波感染做好準備。

"It's a certainty that cases will increase when you relax social distancing," says Dr. Amesh Adalja of the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. "It's just: Will it be at a slow enough clip that hospital capacity will not be compromised?"

約翰·霍普金斯健康安全中心的阿梅什·阿達爾賈博士說：“當你放松社交距離時，病例肯定會增多。”只是：速度會不會慢到足以保證醫(yī)院的能力不受影響?”

Hospitals are still struggling to source many essential supplies to allow them to serve a surge of patients. There's regional variation, but the AEI road map suggests that, on average, hospitals need to double their intensive care unit and ventilator capacity to care for critically ill COVID-19 patients, and that the supply of personal protective equipment should be stable so health care workers can protect themselves from infection.

醫(yī)院仍在努力尋找許多必需品，以便為激增的病人提供服務。雖然存在區(qū)域差異，但AEI路線圖顯示，平均而言，醫(yī)院需要將重癥監(jiān)護室和呼吸機容量增加一倍，以照顧COVID-19重癥患者，個人防護設備的供應應保持穩(wěn)定，以便醫(yī)護人員能夠保護自己免受感染。

5. Zero in on effective treatments

專注于有效的治療

At the moment there's no clear evidence on an effective therapy for COVID-19.

目前還沒有明確的證據(jù)表明COVID-19的治療有效。

The Milken Institute is tracking dozens of different clinical trials underway to test treatments. Researchers are testing everything from antibody-based therapies, to antiviral medicines, as well as existing drugs including hydroxychloroquine that could be repurposed to help treat COVID-19.

米爾肯研究所正在跟蹤數(shù)十個不同的臨床試驗，以測試治療方法。研究人員正在測試各種各樣的藥物，從基于抗體的療法，到抗病毒藥物，以及現(xiàn)有的藥物，包括羥基氯喹，這些藥物可以用于幫助治療COVID-19.