從COVID-19恢復(fù)需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?

從COVID-19恢復(fù)需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?

Around the world, COVID-19 cases and deaths continue to grow each day. Yet, there are also more than 440.000 people globally who have recovered to date.

在世界各地，COVID-19病例和死亡人數(shù)每天都在增加。然而，迄今為止，全球也有超過44萬人康復(fù)。

For those who have had the illness, recovery can be a slow journey. And even after you're feeling better, there can be a period of uncertainty. After days or weeks of isolation, you may be eager to see family again and even step foot into the outer world. But how soon is too soon? And how do you know when you're no longer infectious?

對(duì)于那些患病的人來說，康復(fù)是一個(gè)緩慢的過程。即使你感覺好些了，也會(huì)有一段不確定的時(shí)期。在與世隔絕的幾天或幾周之后，你可能渴望再次見到家人，甚至踏入外面的世界。但是多快才算快呢?你怎么知道你什么時(shí)候不再有感染力?

For answers, we've turned to several experts, including two doctors who both got diagnosed with COVID-19 in mid-March and have since recovered. Rosny Daniel, 32. an emergency department doctor at the University of California, San Francisco, is back on the job and feeling "completely back to normal."

為了找到答案，我們咨詢了幾位專家，其中包括兩名醫(yī)生，他們都在3月中旬被診斷出患有COVID-19.目前已經(jīng)康復(fù)。32歲的羅斯尼·丹尼爾是加州大學(xué)舊金山分校的急診科醫(yī)生，他已經(jīng)重返工作崗位，感覺“完全恢復(fù)了正常”。

And Darren Klugman, 45. a pediatric cardiologist, says he's feeling "100%" and is also back to work after isolating himself away from his family.

45歲的兒科心臟病專家達(dá)倫·克盧格曼說，他感覺“百分之百(康復(fù))”，在把自己與家人隔離后，他也回到了工作崗位。

Klugman says the news of the rising COVID-19 deaths is heartbreaking and sobering. He says it points to the critical need for pandemic planning. But he says it's almost as important to realize how many people are recovering. "The majority of people will have a mild-to-moderate flu-like illness like I had," Klugman says.

克盧格曼說，死亡人數(shù)上升的消息令人心碎，也發(fā)人深省。他說，這表明了制定大流行規(guī)劃的迫切需要。但他表示，意識(shí)到有多少人正在康復(fù)幾乎同樣重要?？吮R格曼說:“大多數(shù)人會(huì)像我一樣有輕度到中度的流感樣疾病。”

He says that it's critical for everyone to follow social distancing guidelines and that if you do suspect you may be sick — whether or not you have tested positive — take action to protect yourself and those around you. "Most important is recognizing the symptoms early, isolating oneself and really strictly abiding by the quarantine rules," Klugman says.

他說，對(duì)每個(gè)人來說，遵循社交距離準(zhǔn)則是至關(guān)重要的，如果你懷疑自己可能生病了，不管你的檢測(cè)結(jié)果是否呈陽性，那就采取行動(dòng)保護(hù)你自己和你周圍的人。“最重要的是及早發(fā)現(xiàn)癥狀，隔離自己，真正嚴(yán)格遵守隔離規(guī)則，”克盧格曼說。

Am I well yet? What to watch for if you think you're getting well.

我好了嗎?如果你認(rèn)為你正在康復(fù)，你應(yīng)該注意什么。

Daniel says people who get COVID-19 can have a wide range of symptoms and the severity of the sickness can range a great deal from person to person. "It's incredibly confusing, and there is a big amount of unpredictability to it," he says.

丹尼爾說，得了COVID-19的人可能會(huì)有各種各樣的癥狀，而且病情的嚴(yán)重程度因人而異。他說:“這非常令人困惑，而且有很大的不可預(yù)測(cè)性。”

But keep an eye out if you think you're better after a few days, because you may still get worse. Daniel says for the first few days of his illness he had aches and chills. He developed a fever and a mild cough and felt wiped out, tired."My muscles hurt really bad in my legs. I felt really sore," he says. "[It was] painful to the point that they felt like they were tingling."

但是，如果你認(rèn)為幾天后你就會(huì)好起來，請(qǐng)注意，因?yàn)槟憧赡苓€會(huì)變得更糟。丹尼爾說，在他生病的頭幾天，他一直感到疼痛和發(fā)冷。他開始發(fā)燒，還有輕微的咳嗽，覺得累極了。“我腿部的肌肉疼得很厲害。我覺得很疼，”他說。“痛苦到讓他們感到刺痛的程度。”

He started to feel better, but then, on day seven, the symptoms came back and he started to also have trouble breathing.

他開始感覺好一些了，但是在第七天，癥狀又出現(xiàn)了，他開始呼吸困難。

He has mild asthma and Type 1 diabetes, two underlying conditions linked to an increased risk of serious illness. He began using his inhalers to treat the asthma. He also took an antibiotic to treat what may have been a secondary bacterial infection in his lung. After several days, he felt much better.

他患有輕度哮喘和1型糖尿病，這兩種疾病都會(huì)增加嚴(yán)重疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。他開始用他的呼吸器來治療哮喘。他還服用了抗生素來治療肺部的繼發(fā)性細(xì)菌感染。幾天后，他感覺好多了。

Klugman says he felt sick for about 10 days. At first he had "intermittent chills and body aches," and then he developed a low fever and a "very prominent cough." Based on these symptoms, he quarantined himself away from his family for 14 days.

克盧格曼說，他大約病了10天。起初，他“間歇性發(fā)冷，身體疼痛”，后來他開始低燒，“咳嗽得很厲害”?；谶@些癥狀，他將自己與家人隔離了14天。

What are the guidelines for when you can stop isolating yourself after you've been sick?

當(dāng)你生病后什么時(shí)候可以停止自我隔離?

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention issued guidance saying people with COVID-19 can stop isolating themselves when they've been fever free for 72 hours — that's three days after the fever ends. And to note: That is without the use of fever-reducing medicine. This should accompany an improvement in respiratory symptoms, such as coughing and shortness of breath, and should be at least seven days from the onset of initial symptoms.

美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心發(fā)布了一項(xiàng)指導(dǎo)意見，稱COVID-19患者在72小時(shí)內(nèi)不發(fā)燒時(shí)可以停止自我隔離，這是退燒后的第三天。注意:這是不使用退燒藥的。這應(yīng)該伴隨著呼吸道癥狀的改善，如咳嗽和呼吸短促，并且應(yīng)該至少在最初癥狀出現(xiàn)后7天。

What does the science say about how long people may stay contagious after they've recovered?

關(guān)于人們康復(fù)后傳染性會(huì)保持多久，科學(xué)是怎么說的?

It's not fully known how long a person with COVID-19 is infectious. "A rough guide for other infections is that infectiousness drops when the fever subsides," says Ben Cowling, a professor of public health at the University of Hong Kong.

目前還不完全清楚COVID-19的感染時(shí)間。香港大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生教授本·考林說:“對(duì)其他感染的一個(gè)粗略的指導(dǎo)是，當(dāng)發(fā)燒消退時(shí)，傳染性就會(huì)下降。”

Aaron Carroll, a professor of medicine at Indiana University, says there's still some uncertainty. "We still don't have enough data to really know how long people are infectious," he says.

印第安納大醫(yī)學(xué)教授阿倫•卡羅爾表示，目前仍存在一些不確定性。他說:“我們?nèi)匀粵]有足夠的數(shù)據(jù)來真正了解人的傳染性有多長(zhǎng)。”

I feel well and back to normal. When can I see my older family members again?

我感覺很好，恢復(fù)正常了。我什么時(shí)候能再見到家里的長(zhǎng)輩?

A lot of people who feel better would like to reconnect with family members — perhaps with elderly parents. But that's not safe yet, says Sean Morrison, a geriatrician and palliative care specialist at the Mount Sinai Health System.

許多感覺更好的人想要與家人重新聯(lián)系，也許是年邁的父母。但西奈山醫(yī)療系統(tǒng)(的老年醫(yī)學(xué)專家和姑息治療專家肖恩·莫里森說，這樣做還不安全。

Older people are more vulnerable to COVID-19. and 8 out of 10 deaths reported in the U.S. have been among adults who were at least 65 years old, according to the CDC.

老年人更容易受到COVID-19的感染，根據(jù)疾病預(yù)防控制中心的數(shù)據(jù)，美國(guó)報(bào)告的10例死亡中有8例發(fā)生在至少65歲的成年人中。

Will I be immune to reinfection after I've had COVID-19. or could I get it again?

在我患COVID-19后，我會(huì)不會(huì)對(duì)再次感染免疫，或者我會(huì)不會(huì)再感染一次?

The CDC says the full immune response, including duration of immunity, is not yet fully understood. So, there's some uncertainty.

美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心說，包括免疫持續(xù)時(shí)間在內(nèi)的完整的免疫反應(yīng)還沒有被完全了解。所以，有一些不確定性。

"I hope that my antibodies are all ramped up and I'm protected from getting sick again, but I don't know that for sure," Daniel says. "So I'm treating it as if I don't have immunity, and I wear full protection at all times, by our hospital's guidelines, to make sure I'm still protecting myself."

丹尼爾說：“我希望我的抗體都增強(qiáng)了，我可以避免再次生病，但我不確定。”所以我把它當(dāng)成沒有免疫力的東西來對(duì)待，而且根據(jù)我們醫(yī)院的指導(dǎo)方針，我隨時(shí)都會(huì)穿上全套防護(hù)服，以確保我仍然在保護(hù)自己。”