《略讀》講述了一個(gè)關(guān)于黑人母親母乳喂養(yǎng)的新故事

《略讀》講述了一個(gè)關(guān)于黑人母親母乳喂養(yǎng)的新故事

To explain the persistence of lower rates of breastfeeding among black mothers, we should look to systemic and historic factors rather than individual choice.

要解釋黑人母親持續(xù)較低的母乳喂養(yǎng)率，我們應(yīng)該關(guān)注系統(tǒng)和歷史因素，而不是個(gè)人選擇。

That's the argument of Skimmed: Breastfeeding, Race, and Injustice by law professor Andrea Freeman, which provides in-depth historical, socioeconomic and legal context that sheds new light on black motherhood.

這是法學(xué)教授安德里亞·弗里曼在《略讀：母乳喂養(yǎng)、種族和不公正》一書(shū)中的論點(diǎn)，該書(shū)提供了深厚的歷史、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和法律背景，為黑人母親提供了新的線索。

Skimmed tells the poignant story of the Fultz quadruplets from Reidsville, N.C., the first documented set of African American quads born in the U.S. Their birth in 1946 became national news turning them into celebs and the face of baby formula company Pet Milk. Despite their celebrity, the girls were exploited financially and graduated high school in poverty.

《略過(guò)》講述了北卡羅來(lái)納州雷德斯維爾的富爾茨四胞胎令人心酸的故事，這是第一組有記錄的在美國(guó)出生的非裔美國(guó)四胞胎。他們1946年的出生成為全國(guó)新聞，使他們成為名人，并成為嬰兒配方奶粉公司Pet Milk的代言人。盡管她們很出名，但這些女孩在經(jīng)濟(jì)上受到剝削，高中畢業(yè)時(shí)一貧如洗。

To stunning effect, Freeman uses their story as a starting point for providing a history of black motherhood from enslavement to the present. The Fultz quads—Mary Alice, Mary Ann, Mary Catherine and Mary Louise— also help illustrate how companies selling baby formula and pediatricians of that era pushed black mothers away from breastfeeding.

令人嘆為觀止的是，弗里曼用他們的故事作為起點(diǎn)，提供了一段從奴役到現(xiàn)在的黑人母親的歷史。富爾茨四人組-瑪麗·愛(ài)麗絲、瑪麗·安、瑪麗·凱瑟琳和瑪麗·路易斯-也有助于說(shuō)明那個(gè)時(shí)代銷(xiāo)售嬰兒配方奶粉的公司和兒科醫(yī)生是如何促使黑人母親放棄母乳喂養(yǎng)的。

Only about 66% of black infants are breastfed compared to more than 82% of white and Latinx moms, according to data from 2012.

根據(jù)2012年的數(shù)據(jù)，只有大約66%的黑人嬰兒是母乳喂養(yǎng)的，而白人和拉丁裔母親的這一比例超過(guò)82%。

Freeman spoke to NPR about the history of breastfeeding, why Beyoncé being a black mom matters, and the importance of telling new stories about black motherhood.

弗里曼在接受美國(guó)國(guó)家公共電臺(tái)采訪時(shí)談到了母乳喂養(yǎng)的歷史，為什么碧昂斯成為黑人母親很重要，以及講述黑人母親新故事的重要性。

In the past few years the black maternal healthcare crisis has come to the forefront. Is breastfeeding part of that crisis? How do you put it in context?

在過(guò)去的幾年里，黑人母親的醫(yī)療保健危機(jī)已經(jīng)成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。母乳喂養(yǎng)是這場(chǎng)危機(jī)的一部分嗎?你如何把它放在這一背景中?

I absolutely see these things as different aspects of the same problems.

我絕對(duì)認(rèn)為這些事情是同一問(wèn)題的不同方面。

Doctors and nurses not listening to black women, not paying attention to their symptoms and circumstances in the same way.

醫(yī)生和護(hù)士沒(méi)有傾聽(tīng)黑人女性的聲音，沒(méi)有以同樣的方式關(guān)注她們的癥狀和情況。

With breastfeeding specifically, there's an assumption when [black] women give birth that they're not going to breastfeed, and they're not offered the same kind of assistance. They're offered formula right away. There is no attention paid to potential health risks.

特別是母乳喂養(yǎng)，當(dāng)[黑人]婦女分娩時(shí)，會(huì)有一種假設(shè)，認(rèn)為她們不會(huì)母乳喂養(yǎng)，也不會(huì)得到同樣的幫助。他們(黑人母親)馬上就會(huì)收到配方奶粉。沒(méi)有注意到潛在的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

In your book you write that "promoting breastfeeding for black women is an act designed to further racial justice." Break that down for us.

在您的書(shū)中，您寫(xiě)道，“促進(jìn)黑人婦女母乳喂養(yǎng)是一種旨在促進(jìn)種族公正的行為。”請(qǐng)為我們分析一下。

The fact that many black women do not have a choice about how they feed their infants leads to racial health disparities that can be long lasting for the children and for the mothers.

許多黑人婦女沒(méi)有選擇如何喂養(yǎng)嬰兒的權(quán)利，這一事實(shí)導(dǎo)致了種族健康方面的差異，這種差異對(duì)兒童和母親來(lái)說(shuō)可能會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

But it is so hidden by the fact that we think of breastfeeding as a very intimate and personal choice, when in fact, for many people, there is no choice at all. And that is due directly to the acts of the government through law through policy, through partnership with the formula industry.

但事實(shí)掩蓋了這一點(diǎn)，以至于我們認(rèn)為母乳喂養(yǎng)是一種非常親密和個(gè)人的選擇，而實(shí)際上，對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，根本沒(méi)有選擇。直接原因是由于政府通過(guò)法律、通過(guò)政策、通過(guò)與配方奶粉行業(yè)的合作而采取的行動(dòng)。

You tell a harrowing story about a mother named Tabitha Walrond whose infant died from malnutrition. Why is her story important?

你講述了一位名叫塔比莎·瓦隆德的母親的悲慘故事，她的嬰兒死于營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良。為什么她的故事很重要?

Tabitha Walrond was a single mother who had problems getting a Medicaid card because there was a computer error, and she wasn't able to get one before her son Tyler was born.

塔比莎·瓦隆德是一位單身母親，因?yàn)殡娔X出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤，她在申請(qǐng)醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助卡時(shí)遇到了麻煩，而在她的兒子泰勒出生之前，她無(wú)法申請(qǐng)到醫(yī)療補(bǔ)助卡。

And when she was sent home from the hospital, the doctors never told her that she might have trouble breastfeeding because she had a lot of problems with the birth and she had a previous surgery.

當(dāng)她從醫(yī)院被送回家時(shí)，醫(yī)生們從未告訴她，她可能在母乳喂養(yǎng)方面有困難，因?yàn)樗诜置鋾r(shí)有很多問(wèn)題，而且她之前有過(guò)手術(shù)。

So very sadly, he died a few weeks after his birth, in a taxi on the way to the emergency room. She was charged with homicide. She then had to endure a trial. It's a terrible story.

非常悲哀的是，他在出生幾周后，在去急診室的路上，死于一輛出租車(chē)上。她被指控犯有殺人罪。然后她不得不接受審判。這是一個(gè)可怕的故事。