是嚴(yán)重的感冒還是流感?

是嚴(yán)重的感冒還是流感?

It's that time of year again. You wake up with a scratchy throat, stuffy nose, a little achy — maybe a fever. Is it a classic head cold, or do you need to be more concerned? Could it be the flu?

又到了一年中的這個(gè)時(shí)候。你醒來(lái)時(shí)喉嚨沙啞，鼻塞，有點(diǎn)疼--可能是發(fā)燒。這是一種典型的頭部感冒嗎，還是你需要更多的關(guān)注?可能是流感嗎?

"There's lots of confusion out there, because both are viral respiratory illnesses," says Dr. Yul Ejnes, an internal medicine specialist in private practice in Rhode Island and spokesperson for the American College of Physicians. "No one likes to get a cold, but people are more fearful of the flu."

“外界有很多困惑，因?yàn)檫@兩種疾病都是病毒性呼吸道疾病，”羅德島州私人診所的內(nèi)科專(zhuān)家、美國(guó)醫(yī)師學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)言人約爾·埃涅斯博士說(shuō)。“沒(méi)有人喜歡感冒，但人們更害怕流感。”

And rightly so.

理所當(dāng)然。

Last year's influenza season was particularly severe, resulting in an unusually high number of hospitalizations and deaths from flu complications.

去年的流感季節(jié)特別嚴(yán)重，導(dǎo)致因流感并發(fā)癥住院和死亡的人數(shù)異常高。

So, if you do have the flu, it's important to consult with your health care provider about treatment. And distinguishing between a cold and flu may be easier than you think, Ejnes says. There are some clear distinctionsbetween the two similar types of viral illness in terms of symptoms — how quickly they appear and how severe they become.

因此，如果你確實(shí)得了流感，咨詢(xún)你的醫(yī)療保健提供者關(guān)于治療是很重要的。埃涅斯說(shuō)，區(qū)分感冒和流感可能比你想象的要容易。就癥狀而言，這兩種相似類(lèi)型的病毒性疾病之間有一些明顯的區(qū)別-它們出現(xiàn)的速度有多快，變得有多嚴(yán)重。

Suddenly flattened? Think flu

突然沒(méi)精打采?應(yīng)該是流感

Flu symptoms, Ejnes says, usually start abruptly — though you can spread the virusbefore symptoms surface.

埃涅斯說(shuō)，流感癥狀通常是突然出現(xiàn)的，不過(guò)你可以在癥狀出現(xiàn)之前傳播病毒。

"Patients can pretty much tell you when the symptoms hit them — after lunch, for example, or yesterday afternoon," says Ejnes.

“病人幾乎可以告訴你他們什么時(shí)候出現(xiàn)癥狀--比如在午餐后，或者昨天下午，” 埃涅斯說(shuō)。

A cold, on the other hand, takes a couple of days to build up. You may have a scratchy throat one day and then the nose starts to get stuffy the next day.

另一方面，感冒需要幾天的時(shí)間才能痊愈。你可能有一天喉嚨發(fā)癢，然后第二天鼻子開(kāi)始不通氣。

You may also develop a fever with a cold. But typically, it's a "low-grade" rise in temperature, hovering around 99 or 100 degrees Farenheit.

你還可能感冒發(fā)燒。但通常，這是一個(gè)“低等級(jí)”的溫度上升，徘徊在99或100華氏度左右。

With flu, that fever is usually significantly higher — at least 101 degrees. Chills and body aches are another flu hallmark or, as Ejnes says, "feeling like a truck ran you over — where you can't even move a muscle."

患流感時(shí)，體溫通常會(huì)明顯升高，至少達(dá)到101華氏度。寒顫和身體疼痛是另一個(gè)流感的標(biāo)志，或者如埃涅斯所說(shuō)，“感覺(jué)就像一輛卡車(chē)從你身上碾過(guò)——你甚至不能移動(dòng)肌肉。”

Dragging yourself out of bed can seem impossible when you have the flu.

當(dāng)你得了流感時(shí)，自己從床上爬起來(lái)似乎是不可能的。

"You're just wiped out with total body fatigue," he says, whereas with a cold, people often "soldier on" and get out of bed for work or social activities.

“你只是因?yàn)槿砥v而筋疲力盡，”他說(shuō)，而感冒時(shí)，人們通常會(huì)“堅(jiān)持下去”，起床去工作或參加社交活動(dòng)。

Heading to work isn't a good idea, of course, even with a mild cold, because it exposes others to the virus -- but lots of people do it. (Colds tend to be most contagious in the first several days of illness.)

當(dāng)然，上班不是一個(gè)好主意，即使是輕微的感冒，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)把病毒傳染給別人--但很多人都會(huì)這樣做。(感冒往往在患病的頭幾天傳染性最強(qiáng)。)

There can be congestion and cough from the postnasal drip of a head cold, but it's not nearly as severe as with flu. Influenza can trigger long bouts of coughing and even trouble breathing.

感冒的鼻后滴液可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致充血和咳嗽，但遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有流感那么嚴(yán)重。流感會(huì)引發(fā)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的咳嗽，甚至呼吸困難。

So, when patients tell Ejnes that their symptoms developed suddenly, their fever is high and their body aches severe, he assumes flu, he says.

因此，當(dāng)病人告訴Ejnes他們的癥狀突然出現(xiàn)，他們的發(fā)燒很高，他們的身體劇烈疼痛時(shí)，他說(shuō)他認(rèn)為是流感。