歐洲國(guó)家如何說(shuō)“圣誕快樂”

歐洲國(guó)家如何說(shuō)“圣誕快樂”

Whether you’re enjoying some sunny Mediterranean weather or skiing this winter, or you just want to surprise a friend by sending them a Christmas card in their language, here are all the European Christmas greetings you could need.

無(wú)論你是在享受地中海的陽(yáng)光或是在這個(gè)冬天去滑雪，或者你只是想給你的朋友寄一張用他們的語(yǔ)言寫的圣誕賀卡，以下是你可能需要的所有歐洲圣誕問(wèn)候。

This colorful map of Europe was made by Jakub Marian, a Czech linguist who makes fun infographic maps in addition to having written a line of textbooks. If you like this Christmas map, you can check out his other maps that you can use all year long, like how European languages say “I love you”. His map of tea may surprise you with its simplicity – it looks like the world’s most popular drink is the one thing that most of us are in agreement about.

這幅彩色的歐洲地圖是由捷克語(yǔ)言學(xué)家Jakub Marian繪制的。如果你喜歡這張圣誕地圖，你可以看看他的其他地圖，你可以全年使用，比如歐洲語(yǔ)言如何說(shuō)“我愛你”。他的茶地圖可能會(huì)讓你驚訝于它的簡(jiǎn)單——看起來(lái)世界上最受歡迎的飲料是我們大多數(shù)人都同意的一件事。

This map shows how Europe says Merry Christmas

這張地圖顯示了歐洲是如何說(shuō)圣誕快樂的

The colors on the map show the etymological roots of each phrase: for example, red represents Romance languages that use a Latin-based word for the event of the birth of Christ. You can see that some other languages, like the Celtic languages and Turkish, get their Christmas greetings as loanwords from the Romance languages. You can also see that up north, highlighted in green, people get their word for Christmas from the Old Norse pagan festival jól (we have this word in English as Yule!)

地圖上的顏色顯示了每個(gè)短語(yǔ)的詞源:例如，紅色代表羅曼語(yǔ)，用一個(gè)基于拉丁語(yǔ)的詞來(lái)表示耶穌誕生的事件。你可以看到一些其他的語(yǔ)言，比如凱爾特語(yǔ)和土耳其語(yǔ)，它們的圣誕問(wèn)候語(yǔ)都是來(lái)自羅曼斯語(yǔ)的外來(lái)詞。你也可以看到，在北方，人們用綠色表示圣誕節(jié)，這個(gè)詞來(lái)源于古斯堪的納維亞的異教徒節(jié)日jol(我們?cè)谟⒄Z(yǔ)中把這個(gè)詞叫做Yule!)

In Marian’s analysis on his website, he explains that he groups together German, Czech and Slovak because the latter two languages adopted an old German word for “holy night” into their lexicon.

在Marian在其網(wǎng)站上的分析中，他解釋說(shuō)，他將德語(yǔ)、捷克語(yǔ)和斯洛伐克語(yǔ)歸為一類，因?yàn)楹髢煞N語(yǔ)言采用了一個(gè)表示“神圣之夜”的古德語(yǔ)詞匯。

He also explains that Romanian and Hungarian, even though Romanian is an Indo-European language like the other Romance languages, while Hungarian is from a completely different family, seem to have gotten their word for Christmas from the same root in either Proto-Slavic or Latin.

他還解釋說(shuō)，盡管羅馬尼亞語(yǔ)和其他羅曼語(yǔ)一樣是印歐語(yǔ)系的語(yǔ)言，而匈牙利語(yǔ)屬于完全不同的語(yǔ)系，但羅馬尼亞語(yǔ)和匈牙利語(yǔ)似乎都是從斯拉夫語(yǔ)或拉丁語(yǔ)的同一個(gè)詞根演變而來(lái)的。

Maybe you didn’t know that Christmas is celebrated differently all over Europe, and in many places, it’s not over yet. Orthodox Christians in Russia, Ukraine, and parts of the Balkans will be celebrating the Nativity on January 7th, due to a difference in the ceremonial calendar that they use, and get national holidays to match.

也許你不知道歐洲各地慶祝圣誕節(jié)的方式不同，在許多地方，圣誕節(jié)還沒有結(jié)束。俄羅斯、烏克蘭和巴爾干半島部分地區(qū)的東正教基督徒將在1月7日慶祝耶穌誕生，因?yàn)樗麄兪褂玫膬x式日歷不同，并有相應(yīng)的國(guó)定假日。

However, in countries that spent most of the 20th century under Soviet control, suppression of religion prevented celebrating Christmas, which meant that Christmas celebrations were largely rebranded and merged with New Year’s Eve. As a result, many cultures as you go east celebrate New Year’s Eve more heavily than Christmas to this day, often mixing imagery from the two holidays. (Conveniently, Marian has included a map for that too!)

然而，在20世紀(jì)大部分時(shí)間處于蘇聯(lián)控制下的國(guó)家，對(duì)宗教的壓制阻礙了圣誕節(jié)的慶?；顒?dòng)，這意味著圣誕節(jié)慶?；顒?dòng)在很大程度上被重新包裝，并與新年前夜合并在一起。因此，當(dāng)你去東方，許多文化慶祝新年除夕比圣誕節(jié)更重的這一天，往往混合的圖像從兩個(gè)節(jié)日。(Marian還附帶了一張地圖!)

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圖片來(lái)源：Lili North