關(guān)于今年的流感你需要知道什么

關(guān)于今年的流感你需要知道什么

Your throat's scratchy and you're starting to cough. You're pretty sure you have a fever and your body's starting to ache. Is it a cold or could it be the onset of the dreaded flu?

你喉嚨發(fā)癢，而且開(kāi)始咳嗽。你很確定你發(fā)燒了，你的身體開(kāi)始疼痛。是感冒還是可怕的流感的開(kāi)始?

Flu season often starts around October and can last as late as May. (Photo: Andrey_Popov/Shutterstock)

Although flu can circulate year-round, typically flu viruses are spread most commonly in fall and winter. Each year, activity varies with different strains making their way around the U.S.

雖然流感可以全年傳播，但流感病毒通常在秋季和冬季傳播。每年，活動(dòng)隨著不同的菌株在美國(guó)的傳播而改變。

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that flu is getting an early start in the U.S. this season. As of late November, 30 states are seeing flu activity. Three states — California, Louisiana and Maryland — are seeing widespread activity. Seven seven states are experiencing regional activity: Alabama, Florida, Indiana, Nevada, New Hampshire, Tennessee and Texas.

美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心報(bào)告說(shuō)，流感本季度在美國(guó)開(kāi)始較早。截至11月底，已有30個(gè)州出現(xiàn)流感活動(dòng)。有三個(gè)州——加利福尼亞、路易斯安那和馬里蘭——出現(xiàn)了廣泛的地震活動(dòng)。7個(gè)州正在經(jīng)歷區(qū)域性活動(dòng):阿拉巴馬州、佛羅里達(dá)州、印第安納州、內(nèi)華達(dá)州、新罕布什爾州、田納西州和得克薩斯州。

When should you get your flu vaccine this year?

今年你應(yīng)該什么時(shí)候接種流感疫苗?

The CDC tells doctors they can vaccinate patients as soon as the flu vaccine becomes available. But it's key to get the vaccine before the onset of flu season, which typically starts around October and can run as late as May. Because it takes about two weeks for antibodies that protect against the flu to develop in your body after you get the vaccine, the CDC recommends getting the vaccine by the end of October. Children who need two doses of flu vaccine should start the process sooner because those doses typically need to be given four weeks apart.

疾控中心告訴醫(yī)生，一旦流感疫苗可用，他們就可以為病人接種。但在流感季節(jié)開(kāi)始前接種疫苗是關(guān)鍵，流感季節(jié)通常在10月左右開(kāi)始，最遲可持續(xù)到5月。因?yàn)樵谀憬臃N疫苗后，你體內(nèi)大約需要兩周的時(shí)間來(lái)產(chǎn)生預(yù)防流感的抗體，疾病預(yù)防控制中心建議在10月底之前接種疫苗。需要兩劑流感疫苗的兒童應(yīng)該盡早開(kāi)始接種，因?yàn)檫@兩劑疫苗通常需要間隔四周接種。

That doesn't mean you're too late if your annual physical is in November or later. In the past, peak flu season activity has typically occurred in January or later, so getting a flu vaccine later than October can still help protect you.

這并不意味著如果你的年度體檢是在11月或更晚的時(shí)候，你就太晚了。在過(guò)去，流感高峰期通常發(fā)生在1月或之后，所以在10月之后接種流感疫苗仍然可以幫助保護(hù)你。

The flu shot is recommended over the nasal spray for most children. (Photo: Yuganov Konstantin/Shutterstock)

Can you get the flu vaccine if you are allergic to eggs?

如果你對(duì)雞蛋過(guò)敏，可以接種流感疫苗嗎?

Most flu vaccines are made from viruses grown in fertilized chicken eggs. This is why you may be asked if you have an egg allergy before getting a flu shot. And that's why, in the past, people with egg allergies have been cautioned to avoid the flu shot.

大多數(shù)流感疫苗是由在受精卵中生長(zhǎng)的病毒制成的。這就是為什么在注射流感疫苗之前，你可能會(huì)被問(wèn)到是否對(duì)雞蛋過(guò)敏。這就是為什么在過(guò)去，對(duì)雞蛋過(guò)敏的人被警告要避免注射流感疫苗。

But the CDC clarified that people who have only had hives when exposed to eggs "can get any licensed flu vaccine that is otherwise appropriate for their age and health." People who've had more serious symptoms after egg exposure — such as respiratory distress or lightheadedness — can still get the flu vaccine. But they should get it in a medical setting (such as a hospital, clinic or a doctor's office) where they can be supervised by a health care provider who can recognize and manage a severe allergic condition.

但是疾病預(yù)防控制中心澄清說(shuō)，那些只有在接觸到雞蛋時(shí)才有麻疹的人“可以得到任何符合他們年齡和健康的許可的流感疫苗。”那些在雞蛋接觸后出現(xiàn)更嚴(yán)重癥狀的人，如呼吸困難或頭暈，仍然可以接種流感疫苗。但是，他們應(yīng)該在醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)(如醫(yī)院、診所或醫(yī)生辦公室)接受檢查，在那里，他們可以接受能夠識(shí)別和控制嚴(yán)重過(guò)敏癥狀的衛(wèi)生保健提供者的監(jiān)督。

How effective will the flu vaccine be this year?

今年流感疫苗的效果如何?

Because there are many different strains of flu viruses, the flu vaccine is updated each year. It's formulated to address the viruses that health experts believe will be circulating the upcoming season. Typically influenza A viruses are more common than influenza B viruses, but both cause infections every season and are covered in the annual flu shot.

因?yàn)榱鞲胁《居性S多不同的變種，所以流感疫苗每年都會(huì)更新。它的制定是為了應(yīng)對(duì)衛(wèi)生專家認(rèn)為將在即將到來(lái)的季節(jié)傳播的病毒。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，甲型流感病毒比乙型流感病毒更常見(jiàn)，但這兩種病毒都會(huì)在每個(gè)季節(jié)引起感染，而且每年都會(huì)接種流感疫苗。

The CDC monitors viruses as they circulate and provides informative about effectiveness once flu season is underway.

美國(guó)疾病控制與預(yù)防中心監(jiān)測(cè)病毒的傳播，并在流感季節(jié)到來(lái)時(shí)提供有關(guān)有效性的信息。