快樂(lè)會(huì)讓你活得更久，所以要學(xué)會(huì)更快樂(lè)

快樂(lè)會(huì)讓你活得更久，所以要學(xué)會(huì)更快樂(lè)

If you could wish for just one thing, would it be happiness or a long life? Given what researchers tell us, one is likely to produce the other.

如果你只能許一個(gè)愿望，是幸福還是長(zhǎng)壽?根據(jù)研究人員告訴我們的，其中的一個(gè)可能催生另一個(gè)。

Science has been exploring the connection between happiness and longevity for some time. A 2011 analysis of nearly 4,000 Brits found those who said they felt content, happy or excited on a typical day were up to 35% less likely to die prematurely. In a 2016 study, a positive outlook was associated with longer life for nearly 4,000 older French men and women studied over 22 years.

一段時(shí)間以來(lái)，科學(xué)一直在探索幸福和長(zhǎng)壽之間的聯(lián)系。2011年，一項(xiàng)針對(duì)近4000名英國(guó)人的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些在一天中感到滿足、快樂(lè)或興奮的人，其過(guò)早死亡的可能性降低了35%。在2016年的一項(xiàng)研究中，在22年的時(shí)間里，對(duì)近4000名法國(guó)老年男性和女性的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，積極的人生觀與更長(zhǎng)壽有關(guān)。

Researchers followed more than 2,000 Mexican-Americans in 2015 and found those who were more positive in their world view were half as likely to die. And a 2011 study followed around 200 women and men from San Francisco over 13 years and found those who reported more positive than negative experiences also lived longer.

研究人員在2015年跟蹤調(diào)查了2000多名墨西哥裔美國(guó)人，發(fā)現(xiàn)那些世界觀更積極的人死亡的可能性只有一半。2011年的一項(xiàng)研究對(duì)來(lái)自舊金山的約200名女性和男性進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)達(dá)13年的跟蹤調(diào)查，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)那些積極經(jīng)歷多于消極經(jīng)歷的人壽命更長(zhǎng)。

According to research on the Positive Psychology Center website, striving for well-being will allow you to perform better at work, have better relationships, a stronger immune system, fewer sleep problems, lower levels of burnout, better physical health and -- you'll live longer.

積極心理學(xué)中心網(wǎng)站上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，追求幸福能讓你在工作中表現(xiàn)得更好，擁有更好的人際關(guān)系，擁有更強(qiáng)大的免疫系統(tǒng)，睡眠問(wèn)題更少，精力更充沛，身體更健康，活得更久。

Great! But how do you obtain happiness? That's the tough question, especially since the meaning of the word isn't even scientifically agreed upon.

太棒了!但是你如何獲得幸福呢?這是一個(gè)很難回答的問(wèn)題，尤其是這個(gè)詞的意義甚至還沒(méi)有得到科學(xué)的認(rèn)同。

"Happiness comes in different sizes and flavors," said cardiologist Dr. Alan Rozanski, a professor of medicine at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai who studies optimism.

西奈山伊坎醫(yī)學(xué)院研究樂(lè)觀主義的醫(yī)學(xué)教授、心臟病學(xué)家艾倫·羅贊斯基博士說(shuō):“幸福有不同的大小和味道。”

"There is the transient type, fed by such things as a walk in a park, spending time with a friend, or eating that ice cream you love," he continued. "But these feelings of happiness come and go."

他繼續(xù)說(shuō)道:“有一種是短暫型的，靠諸如在公園散步、與朋友共度時(shí)光或吃你愛(ài)吃的冰淇淋來(lái)滿足自己。”“但是這些幸福的感覺(jué)來(lái)了又走。”

Now that we have something of a working recipe for happiness, let's find the ingredients.

現(xiàn)在我們已經(jīng)有了幸福的秘方，讓我們來(lái)尋找它的成分。

Satisfying social connections

令人滿意的社會(huì)關(guān)系

"People who are more socially connected to family, to friends, to community, are happier, they're physically healthier, and they live longer than people who are less well connected," said Harvard psychiatrist Robert Waldinger in his popular TEDx talk. "And the experience of loneliness turns out to be toxic."

哈佛大學(xué)精神病學(xué)家羅伯特·沃爾丁格在他廣受歡迎的TEDx演講中說(shuō)：“與家人、朋友、社區(qū)聯(lián)系更緊密的人，他們更快樂(lè)，他們的身體更健康，他們比那些關(guān)系不太好的人活得更長(zhǎng)。”“而孤獨(dú)的經(jīng)歷最終證明是有害的。”

Waldinger is the fourth director of the Harvard Study of Adult Development, which followed the lives of 724 Boston men for more than 75 years and then began following more than 2,000 of their offspring and their wives.

沃爾丁格是哈佛大學(xué)成人發(fā)展研究中心的第四任主任。該中心跟蹤調(diào)查了724名波士頓男性75年多的生活，然后開(kāi)始跟蹤2000多名他們的子女和妻子。

Among the original recruits in the study were President John F. Kennedy and longtime Washington Post editor Ben Bradlee.

這項(xiàng)研究最初招募的人員包括美國(guó)總統(tǒng)約翰·f·肯尼迪和長(zhǎng)期擔(dān)任《華盛頓郵報(bào)》編輯的本·布拉德利。

The unprecedented study has allowed researchers to get closer to determining the main characteristics of a happy life.

這項(xiàng)史無(wú)前例的研究讓研究人員更接近于確定幸福生活的主要特征。

"The lessons aren't about wealth or fame or working harder and harder," Waldinger said.

沃爾丁格說(shuō):“這些研究與財(cái)富、名聲或工作越來(lái)越努力無(wú)關(guān)。”

"The clearest message that we get from this 75-year study is this: Good relationships keep us happier and healthier. Period."

“我們從這項(xiàng)歷時(shí)75年的研究中得到的最明確的信息是:良好的人際關(guān)系讓我們更快樂(lè)、更健康。”

You don't have to have dozens of friends or even be in a committed relationship, he stresses.

他強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)，你不必有幾十個(gè)朋友，甚至不必有一段穩(wěn)定的感情。

"It's the quality of your close relationships that matters," Waldinger said. "High-conflict marriages, for example, without much affection, turn out to be very bad for our health, perhaps worse than getting divorced. And living in the midst of good, warm relationships is protective."

“重要的是你的親密關(guān)系的質(zhì)量，”沃爾丁格說(shuō)。“例如，沒(méi)有太多感情的高沖突的婚姻對(duì)我們的健康非常不利，甚至可能比離婚還要糟糕。”生活在良好溫暖的關(guān)系中對(duì)你是有保護(hù)作用的。”