每天服用嬰兒阿司匹林可以挽救許多孕婦的生命

每天服用嬰兒阿司匹林可以挽救許多孕婦的生命

Bridget Desmukes was surprised when her OB-GYN recommended low-dose aspirin at her first prenatal appointment this past spring. She knew about daily low-dose aspirin being prescribed to people recovering from a heart attack or stroke. But for pregnant women?

布里奇特·德斯穆克斯今年春天第一次產(chǎn)前檢查時(shí)，她對(duì)婦產(chǎn)科醫(yī)生建議她服用低劑量阿司匹林感到驚訝。她知道，心臟病發(fā)作或中風(fēng)恢復(fù)期的患者會(huì)被開(kāi)小劑量的阿司匹林。但是對(duì)孕婦來(lái)說(shuō)呢?

In a past pregnancy, Desmukes, who is now 42, had developed preeclampsia, a potentially serious complication that involves high blood pressure. A small amount of daily aspirin, it turns out, can significantly cut the risk of developing preeclampsia in pregnancy.

在過(guò)去的一次懷孕中，現(xiàn)年42歲的德斯穆克患上了子癇前期，這是一種潛在的嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥，包括高血壓。事實(shí)證明，每天服用少量阿司匹林可以顯著降低懷孕期間患上子癇前期的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

It's currently recommended for many pregnant women by two influential groups — the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, an independent panel of experts commissioned by the federal government.

目前，兩個(gè)有影響力的組織-美國(guó)婦產(chǎn)科醫(yī)師學(xué)會(huì)和聯(lián)邦政府委托的獨(dú)立專家小組-美國(guó)預(yù)防服務(wù)工作組建議許多孕婦服用該藥。

The challenge, some OB-GYNs believe, is getting the word out to women who are at risk that the low-dose aspirin regimen is something that could benefit them. In that way, Desmukes and her husband, Jeffrey, were lucky to hear about it early in her pregnancy.

一些婦產(chǎn)科醫(yī)生認(rèn)為，面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是讓那些有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的女性知道，小劑量阿司匹林療法可能對(duì)她們有益。因此，德斯穆克和她的丈夫杰弗里(Jeffrey)很幸運(yùn)地在她懷孕初期就聽(tīng)說(shuō)了這件事。

She says her doctor "explained to us that because of my age and the fact that I had a history of preeclampsia, aspirin would be recommended for me to take. Just precautionarily — to keep the flow of nutrients and oxygen and everything to the baby and help it continue to thrive and grow."

她說(shuō)，她的醫(yī)生“向我們解釋說(shuō)，由于我的年齡和有子癇前期病史，建議我服用阿司匹林。只是預(yù)防——保持營(yíng)養(yǎng)、氧氣和其他一切流向嬰兒，幫助他繼續(xù)茁壯成長(zhǎng)。”

The cause of preeclampsia in a pregnant woman is still unknown, but the danger is clear: Her blood vessels constrict, which means, among other things, blood can't flow easily to her kidneys or brain or uterus. Telltale signs include a terrible headache and swollen hands and feet.

孕婦子癇前期的病因尚不清楚，但危險(xiǎn)一目了然:她的血管收縮，這意味著血液不能順暢地流向她的腎臟、大腦或子宮。明顯的癥狀包括嚴(yán)重的頭痛和手腳臃腫。

"What aspirin does is relax blood vessels, [which] lowers the blood pressure, but also improves blood flow to the baby, to the kidneys, and to the brain, lowering the chance that the woman would have any complications to her pregnancy that would affect either her or her baby," says Dr. Jodi Abbott, an OB-GYN who specializes in treating high-risk pregnancies at Boston Medical Center and is also an associate professor at Boston University School of Medicine.

“阿司匹林的作用是放松血管,[這]降低了血壓,但也促使了血液流向孩子,腎臟,大腦,降低孕期的女人患并發(fā)癥的機(jī)會(huì)，而這種并發(fā)癥會(huì)影響她自己或孩子,”喬迪•阿伯特博士說(shuō), 是波士頓醫(yī)療中心專門(mén)治療高危妊娠的婦產(chǎn)科醫(yī)生,也是波士頓大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的副教授。

Prenatal aspirin can cut the risk of preeclampsia by 24%, according to a comprehensive review of the scientific evidence by the USPSTF in 2014.

根據(jù)USPSTF在2014年對(duì)科學(xué)證據(jù)的全面審查，產(chǎn)前服用阿司匹林可以將子癇前期的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低24%。

Any woman pregnant with twins or triplets, or who has diabetes or hypertension, or who has had preeclampsia before, is considered at high risk of the condition and should talk to her doctor about taking low-dose aspirin, Abbott says.

阿伯特說(shuō)，任何懷上雙胞胎或三胞胎、患有糖尿病或高血壓、或以前有過(guò)子癇前期的婦女，都被認(rèn)為處于高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)情況，應(yīng)與她的醫(yī)生討論服用低劑量阿司匹林的問(wèn)題。

Beyond that group of "high risk" characteristics, there are the moderate risk factors — like being pregnant with a first baby, or being obese, or over 35, or African American. Having two or more of those characteristics means low-dose aspirin should be considered for you, too, the guidelines suggest.

除了這組“高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”特征之外，還有一些中等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素——比如懷上第一個(gè)孩子、肥胖、35歲以上或非洲裔美國(guó)人。指南建議，擁有上述兩種或兩種以上特征意味著你也應(yīng)該考慮服用低劑量阿司匹林。