日本的建筑師把建筑當(dāng)作活的有機(jī)體

日本的建筑師把建筑當(dāng)作活的有機(jī)體

In 1952, Japan faced newfound autonomy. The American occupation following World War II ended, and as the decade progressed, the devastating effects of the atomic bomb -- both physical and psychological -- began to recede into the country's past.

1952年，日本面臨著新的自治。美國(guó)的占領(lǐng)隨著而戰(zhàn)的結(jié)束而結(jié)束，隨著十年的發(fā)展，原子彈的毀滅性影響——無(wú)論是生理上的還是心理上的——開始消退，成為這個(gè)國(guó)家的過去。

Japanese architects saw possibilities for rebuilding. As they learned about the Western, modernist principles that were beginning to enter their schools, these architects also considered how to preserve their own pre-war culture. A new movement, Metabolism, emerged from this view.

日本建筑師看到了重建可能性。當(dāng)他們了解到西方現(xiàn)代主義原則開始進(jìn)入他們的學(xué)校，這些建筑師也考慮如何保存自己戰(zhàn)前的文化。一種新的運(yùn)動(dòng)——新陳代謝——從這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)中誕生了。

In their conceptual manifesto, "Metabolism 1960: Proposals for a New Urbanism," the Metabolist founders used biological metaphors to call for buildings capable of regeneration.

在他們的概念宣言《1960年新陳代謝:新城市主義的提議》中，新陳代謝學(xué)創(chuàng)始人使用生物學(xué)隱喻來(lái)呼吁建造能夠再生的建筑。

"We regard human society as a vital process -- a continuous development from atom to nebula," they wrote. "The reason why we use such a biological word, the metabolism, is that we believe design and technology should be a denotation of human vitality." They thought of different building elements as cells and considered the DNA of their own projects.

“我們認(rèn)為人類社會(huì)是一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的過程——從原子到星云的持續(xù)發(fā)展，”他們寫道。“我們之所以使用代謝這個(gè)生物學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ)，是因?yàn)槲覀兿嘈旁O(shè)計(jì)和技術(shù)應(yīng)該是人類活力的象征。”他們認(rèn)為不同的建筑元素就像細(xì)胞，并考慮他們自己項(xiàng)目的DNA。

The Metabolist architects debuted their new ideas at Tokyo's 1960 World Design Conference. Kenzo Tange, who was influenced by Le Corbusier and mentored many figures in the group, also proposed a new design to expand Tokyo's housing: a series of interlocking loops of highway that would extend across Tokyo Bay and increase mobility.

這位新陳代謝學(xué)家兼建筑師在1960年?yáng)|京世界設(shè)計(jì)大會(huì)上首次提出了他們的新想法。受到勒柯布西耶影響的田莊賢三在團(tuán)隊(duì)中指導(dǎo)了許多人，他還提出了一種擴(kuò)大東京住宅的新設(shè)計(jì):一系列相互連接的高速公路環(huán)線，將橫跨東京灣，增加流動(dòng)性。

Though Tange's design was never realized, scholar Hyunjung Cho has written that it was radical because of its concept of the city "not as hardware but as software in preparation for the nascent information society." Tange's design focused more on mutability and less on a finalized structure: His decentralized plan was just a starting point -- his design would support future housing projects without congesting a city center.

盡管田莊賢三的設(shè)計(jì)從未實(shí)現(xiàn)，學(xué)者Hyunjung Cho寫道，它是徹底的，因?yàn)樗某鞘懈拍?ldquo;不是作為硬件，而是作為軟件，為新生的信息社會(huì)做準(zhǔn)備”。田莊賢三的設(shè)計(jì)更多地關(guān)注可變性，而不是最終的結(jié)構(gòu):他的分散化計(jì)劃只是一個(gè)起點(diǎn)——他的涉及將支持未來(lái)的住房項(xiàng)目，而不會(huì)使城市中心擁擠不堪。