以植物為基礎(chǔ)的飲食可能有助于預(yù)防2型糖尿病

以植物為基礎(chǔ)的飲食可能有助于預(yù)防2型糖尿病

Sticking to a plant-based diet could help lower your risk of type 2 diabetes, a new paper suggests.

一篇新的論文表明，堅持以植物為基礎(chǔ)的飲食可以幫助降低患2型糖尿病的風(fēng)險。

That link between plant-based eating habits and type 2 diabetes is even more beneficial when only healthy plant-based foods -- such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes and nuts -- are included in your daily diet, as opposed to refined grains, starches and sugars, according to the study, published in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine on Monday.

周一發(fā)表在“美國醫(yī)學(xué)會內(nèi)科雜志”(JAMA Internal Medicine)上的這項研究顯示，如果你的日常飲食中只有健康的植物性食物-如水果、蔬菜、全谷類、豆類和堅果-而不是精制谷物、淀粉和糖，那么植物性飲食習(xí)慣與2型糖尿病之間的聯(lián)系就會更加有益。

"We further showed that individuals who consumed a healthy version of the plant-based diet by emphasizing the intake of fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and legumes, and minimizing intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and refined carbohydrates, had a further 30% reduction in their risk of developing type 2 diabetes," he said. "I would describe these risk reductions as being quite significant."Doctors have long known that a healthy diet -- along with regular exercise, maintaining a healthy body weight and not smoking -- are among the ways to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes.

他說：“我們進(jìn)一步表明，通過強調(diào)新鮮水果、蔬菜、全谷類、堅果和豆類的攝入，以及盡量減少含糖飲料和精制碳水化合物的攝入，食用健康版本的植物性飲食的人，他們患2型糖尿病的風(fēng)險進(jìn)一步降低了30%。”“我會把這些風(fēng)險降低描述為相當(dāng)顯著。”醫(yī)生們很早就知道，健康的飲食-加上定期鍛煉，保持健康的體重和不吸煙-是預(yù)防或延遲2型糖尿病發(fā)生的方法之一。

"Indeed, a vegetarian or other plant-based diets that are high in free sugars and refined carbohydrates is likely to increase risk of type 2 diabetes especially when associated with low levels of physical activity," Tom Sanders, professor emeritus of nutrition and dietetics at King's College London noted in a written statement distributed by the Science Media Centre in the UK. He was not involved in the new paper.

“的確，高游離糖和精制碳水化合物的素食或其他以植物為基礎(chǔ)的飲食很可能會增加患2型糖尿病的風(fēng)險，特別是當(dāng)與低水平的體力活動相關(guān)時，”倫敦國王學(xué)院營養(yǎng)學(xué)和營養(yǎng)學(xué)榮休教授湯姆·桑德斯(Tom Sanders)在英國科學(xué)媒體中心(The Science Media Centre)發(fā)布的一份書面聲明中指出。他沒有參與那篇新論文。

More than 30 million people in the United States, or about 1 in 10, have diabetes and up to 95% of them have type 2 diabetes, according to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

根據(jù)美國疾病控制和預(yù)防中心(Centers For Disease Control And Prevention)的數(shù)據(jù)，美國有超過3000萬人患有糖尿病，約十分之一的人患有糖尿病，其中高達(dá)95%患有2型糖尿病。

Globally, diabetes is on the rise -- the number of people with diabetes has climbed from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014, according to the World Health Organization.

在全球范圍內(nèi)，糖尿病正在上升-根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織(World Health Organization)的數(shù)據(jù)，患有糖尿病的人數(shù)已從1980年的1.08億人攀升至2014年的4.22億人。

The new paper involved reviewing nine previously published studies on plant-based eating habits and type 2 diabetes among adults. Those studies included a total of 23,544 cases of type 2 diabetes.

這篇新的論文涉及到回顧之前發(fā)表的九項關(guān)于成人中以植物為基礎(chǔ)的飲食習(xí)慣和2型糖尿病的研究。這些研究包括總共23，544例2型糖尿病患者。

After reviewing the data in those studies, the researchers found that a higher adherence to a plant-based diet was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes -- and that was consistent across all age groups and despite a person's body mass index.

在回顧了這些研究中的數(shù)據(jù)后，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，更高的堅持植物性飲食與較低的2型糖尿病風(fēng)險相關(guān)-這在所有年齡組中都是一致的，盡管一個人的體重指數(shù)也是如此。

Body mass index, or BMI, is a person's weight in kilograms divided by the square of their height in meters, and the measurement is used to screen for obesity. A BMI of 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight, and a BMI of 30 or greater is considered obese.

身體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)是一個人的體重(以公斤為單位)除以身高(以米為單位)的平方，測量結(jié)果用于篩查肥胖。BMI在25到29.9之間被認(rèn)為是超重，而BMI在30或更大被認(rèn)為是肥胖。

Obesity is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.

肥胖是2型糖尿病的危險因素。

There were some limitations in the new paper, including that the dietary data in the studies were based on people self-reporting their eating habits, which poses a risk of bias. Also only an association between plant-based diets and lower diabetes risk was found. More research is needed to determine if a causal relationship indeed exists.

這篇新的論文有一些局限性，包括研究中的飲食數(shù)據(jù)是基于人們自我報告他們的飲食習(xí)慣，這構(gòu)成了偏見的風(fēng)險。此外，僅發(fā)現(xiàn)植物性飲食與較低糖尿病風(fēng)險之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。需要更多的研究來確定是否確實存在因果關(guān)系。