颶風(fēng)是如何命名的

颶風(fēng)是如何命名的

Before the 1940s, only the worst storms were given names, usually based on the place or time of year they made landfall: There was the Sea Islands Hurricane of 1893, the Great Galveston Hurricane of 1900, the Miami Hurricane of 1926 and the Labor Day Hurricane of 1935, to name a few. Scientists and forecasters often assigned unofficial numbers to tropical cyclones — Tropical Storm One, Hurricane Two, etc. — but the practice of using more memorable and relatable names didn't begin until 1950.

在20世紀(jì)40年代之前,只有最嚴(yán)重的風(fēng)暴有名字,通?；谒鼈兊顷懙牡攸c(diǎn)或時(shí)間:1893年的海洋島嶼颶風(fēng),1990年的加爾維斯頓颶風(fēng),1926年的邁阿密颶風(fēng)和1935年的勞動(dòng)節(jié)颶風(fēng),等等?？茖W(xué)家和氣象預(yù)報(bào)員經(jīng)常給熱帶氣旋(熱帶風(fēng)暴1號(hào)、颶風(fēng)2號(hào)等)分配非官方的數(shù)字，但使用更容易記住和聯(lián)系的名字的做法直到1950年才開(kāi)始。

The first hurricane names were often inspired by forecasters' wives, but in 1979 men's names were added to the mix. The WMO now oversees the master list of names, which alternates between male and female; six lists are rotated annually in the Atlantic, so the 2015 names will be used again in 2021. But when a cyclone is bad enough, its name can be retired to honor victims and survivors. Seventy-eight Atlantic hurricane names have been retired since 1954, including 29 since 2000. Among the most infamous retired hurricane names are Audrey (1957), Betsy (1965), Camille (1969), Hugo (1989), Andrew (1992), Ivan (2004), Katrina (2005), Ike (2008), Irene (2011) and Sandy (2012).

第一個(gè)颶風(fēng)的名字通常是受天氣預(yù)報(bào)員妻子的啟發(fā)，但在1979年，男人們的名字也被加入其中。世界氣象組織現(xiàn)在負(fù)責(zé)監(jiān)督男女交替使用的姓名總表;在大西洋地區(qū)，每年有六份名單輪換使用，所以2015年的名單將在2021年再次使用。但是當(dāng)颶風(fēng)的破壞力足夠大時(shí)，它的名字就可以被用來(lái)紀(jì)念受害者和幸存者。自1954年以來(lái)，已有78個(gè)大西洋颶風(fēng)的名字被取消，其中包括自2000年以來(lái)的29個(gè)。最臭名昭著的不再使用的颶風(fēng)名字包括奧黛麗(1957)、貝琪(1965)、卡米拉(1969)、雨果(1989)、安德魯(1992)、伊萬(wàn)(2004)、卡特里娜(2005)、艾克(2008)、艾琳(2011)和桑迪(2012)。

Hurricane Isabel churns below the International Space Station in 2003. (Photo: NASA)

Here are the names for the 2019 Atlantic hurricane season, which runs from June 1 to Nov. 30, according to the National Hurricane Center (NHC).

根據(jù)國(guó)家颶風(fēng)中心(NHC)的數(shù)據(jù)，2019年大西洋颶風(fēng)季將從6月1日持續(xù)到11月30日。

The season for tropical cyclones in the Pacific Ocean is generally the same, although it officially begins May 15 in the Eastern Pacific. Naming Pacific cyclones is often more complex than in the Atlantic, with different lists for the Eastern, Central and Western Pacific, as well as for Australia, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, the North Indian Ocean and the Southwest Indian Ocean.

太平洋的熱帶氣旋季節(jié)大致相同，雖然5月15日在東太平洋正式開(kāi)始。太平洋氣旋的命名通常比大西洋更為復(fù)雜，東太平洋、中太平洋和西太平洋、澳大利亞、斐濟(jì)、巴布亞新幾內(nèi)亞、菲律賓、北印度洋和西南印度洋都有不同的名稱。