瑪麗·沃斯通克拉夫特：哲學(xué)家與女性主義者

Mary Wollstonecraft — an English philosopher, author and feminist — was born into a financially unstable household with a violent alcoholic father at its helm in London on this day in 1759.

1759年的今天，英國哲學(xué)家、作家和女權(quán)主義者瑪麗·沃斯通克拉夫特(Mary Wollstonecraft)出生在倫敦一個經(jīng)濟狀況不穩(wěn)定的家庭，一家之主，也就是她的父親，是一名具有暴力傾向的酒鬼。

Wollstonecraft rejected the notion that women were incapable of reason, and promoted women’s education. And she opposed marriage, which she considered to be a form of slavery.

對于女性不理性的觀念，沃斯通克拉夫特予以否定，還推廣女性接受教育的觀點。她反對婚姻，認為那是某種形式的奴役。

In the end she did marry — to William Godwin, who is now seen as one of the first modern proponents of anarchism — when she was pregnant with her second child. (Wollstonecraft had a daughter from an affair with an American.)

最后，她還是結(jié)婚了——在懷了第二個孩子時，嫁給了威廉姆·戈德溫(William Godwin)，如今他被視為現(xiàn)代支持無政府主義的第一人。(沃斯通克拉夫特在與一位美國人的婚外情中有過一個女兒。)

Wollstonecraft died at 38, less than two weeks after giving birth to a second daughter, Mary, who would grow up to write “Frankenstein.”

沃斯通克拉夫特38歲去世，去世時距離生下二女兒瑪麗(Mary)不到兩周時間。她長大后寫下了《弗蘭肯斯坦》(Frankenstein)。

Among the works for which Wollstonecraft is known are two (angry) public letters: “A Vindication of the Rights of Men” (this was published anonymously in 1790) and “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman,” published in 1792.

沃斯通克拉夫特的著名作品中有兩封(憤怒的)公開信：《男權(quán)辯護》(A Vindication of the Rights of Men，這是在1790年匿名發(fā)表的)和發(fā)表于1792年的《女權(quán)辯護》(A Vindication of the Rights of Woman)。

Her goal for women: “I do not wish them to have power over men, but over themselves.”

她對女性的目標是：“我不希望她們擁有支配男性的力量，而是要有支配自己的力量。”