英文版《出師表》,我服了

對于三國迷來說，12月份的一大福利莫過于由吳秀波、王洛勇等人主演的電視劇《虎嘯龍吟》的開播。吳秀波在劇中飾演司馬懿，而王洛勇則飾演諸葛亮。

作為90年代就登上過百老匯舞臺的演員，王洛勇出色的臺詞功底和近乎完美的英文發(fā)音讓網(wǎng)友們笑稱聽出了《權(quán)利的游戲》的味道，大家紛紛感嘆，新版諸葛亮還能有這樣的操作?

驚嘆之余，作為英文愛好者的我們是不是該深挖一下英文版《出師表》，看看里面有哪些值得我們借鑒的表達(dá)呢?

臣亮言：先帝創(chuàng)業(yè)未半而中道崩殂，今天下三分，益州疲弊，此誠危急存亡之秋也。

Permit me to observe: the late emperor was taken from us before he could finish his life"s work, the restoration of the Han. Today, the empire is still divided in three, and our very survival is threatened.

(1)observe ，除了我們常見的表示“觀察;慶祝”的意思外，它還可以表示“make a remark or comment about it, especially when it is something you have noticed and thought about a lot”，“評論某事，特別是你注意到或是思考很久的事”。

"He is a fine young man," observed Stephen.

“他是個(gè)不錯(cuò)的年輕人，”史蒂芬說。

(2) restoration，“the act of restoring or state of being restored, as to a former or original condition, place, etc”，指“為了回到原來的狀態(tài)、地點(diǎn)等而進(jìn)行的恢復(fù)的行為”，文中指“恢復(fù)漢室”。

然侍衛(wèi)之臣不懈于內(nèi)，忠志之士忘身于外者，蓋追先帝之殊遇，欲報(bào)之于陛下也。

Yet still the officials at court and the soldiers throughout the realm remain loyal to you, your majesty. Because they remember the late emperor, all of them, and they wish to repay his kindness in service to you.

(3) repay，除了“償還債務(wù)”外，還表示“If you repay a favor that someone did for you, you do something for them in return.”，指“回報(bào)某人的好意”。

It was very kind. I don"t know how I can ever repay you.

這真是太好了。我不知道怎么報(bào)答你。

誠宜開張圣聽，以光先帝遺德，恢弘志士之氣，不宜妄自菲薄，引喻失義，以塞忠諫之路也。

This is the moment to extend your divine influence, to honor the memory of the late Emperor and strengthen the morale of your officers. It is not the time to listen to bad advice, or close your ears to the suggestions of loyal men.

(4) morale “the amount of confidence and cheerfulness that a group of people have”，指“一群人所擁有的信心和樂觀的情緒”，也就是我們常說的“士氣”。形容士氣，我們通常說low/high morale“士氣低落/高昂”，“鼓舞士氣”我們可以說，boost morale。

Many pilots are suffering from low morale.

許多飛行員士氣低落。

(5)close ears to “對……充耳不聞”，相當(dāng)于turn a deaf ear to。

You can’t just close your ears to their warnings.

你不能對他們的忠告充耳不聞。

親賢臣，遠(yuǎn)小人，此先漢所以興隆也;親小人，遠(yuǎn)賢臣，此后漢所以傾頹也。

The emperors of the Western Han chose their courtiers wisely, and their dynasty flourished. The emperors of the Eastern Han chose poorly, and they doomed the empire to ruin.

(6) flourish 本意指“植物等茁壯成長”，后引申為“to develop well and be successful”“發(fā)展良好或取得成功”，也就是我們常說的“興盛，繁榮”。

The economy is booming and small businesses are flourishing.

經(jīng)濟(jì)開始興盛，小企業(yè)也開始繁榮起來。

(7) doom,“to make someone or something certain to fail, die, be destroyed etc.”“使某人或某事注定失敗、死亡或被毀滅”。常用搭配為be doomed to do sth.“注定要做……”

We are all doomed to die in the end.

我們最終注定要死亡。

先帝在時(shí)，每與臣論此事，未嘗不嘆息痛恨于桓、靈也。

Whenever the late Emperor discussed this problem with me, he lamented the failings of Emperors Huan and Ling.

(8) lament “to express feelings of great sadness about something”，“對……感到悲痛”。

The nation lamented the death of its great leader.

整個(gè)國家都在為偉大領(lǐng)袖的逝世感到悲痛。

臣本布衣，躬耕于南陽，茍全性命于亂世，不求聞達(dá)于諸侯。

I began as a common man, farming in my fields in Nanyang, doing what I could to survive in an age of chaos. I never had any interest in making a name for myself as a noble.

(9)make a name,“If you make a name for yourself or make your name as something, you become well-known for that thing.”指“(因……)而出名”。

He made his name with several collections of short stories.

他因幾本短篇故事集而名聲大噪。

先帝不以臣卑鄙，猥自枉屈，三顧臣于草廬之中，咨臣以當(dāng)世之事，由是感激，遂許先帝以驅(qū)馳。

The late Emperor was not ashamed to visit my cottage and seek my advice. Grateful for his regard, I responded to his appeal and threw myself into his service.

先帝知臣謹(jǐn)慎，故臨崩寄臣以大事也。

The late Emperor always appreciated my caution and, in his final days, entrusted me with his cause.

(10) entrust，“to make someone responsible for doing something important, or for taking care of someone”，“讓某人負(fù)責(zé)做某件重要的事或負(fù)責(zé)照顧某人”，即“把某人或某事托付給……”。

When managers entrust employees with important decisions, they signal their respect for those employees.

當(dāng)經(jīng)理讓員工負(fù)責(zé)做一些重要決定時(shí)，是在表達(dá)對他們的尊重。

受命以來，夙夜憂嘆，恐托付不效，以傷先帝之明，故五月渡瀘，深入不毛。

Since that moment, I have been tormented day and night by the fear that I might let him down. That is why I crossed the Lu river at the height of summer, and entered the wastelands beyond.

今南方已定，兵甲已足，當(dāng)獎(jiǎng)率三軍，北定中原，庶竭駑鈍，攘除奸兇，興復(fù)漢室，還于舊都。

Now the south has been subdued, and our forces are fully armed. I should lead our soldiers to conquer the northern heartland and attempt to remove the hateful traitors, restore the house of Han, and return it to the former capital.

此臣所以報(bào)先帝而忠陛下之職分也。

This is the way I mean to honor my debt to the late Emperor and fulfill my duty to you.

(11)debt除了“債務(wù)”以外，也可以表示“人情債，恩情”。，常用的搭配為：in debt(負(fù)債), owe a debt to…(欠某人錢/人情)。

We will owe a debt to Sandy that we may not be able to repay.

我們會(huì)欠珊迪一份無法償還的恩情。

(12) fulfill one’s duty ，“完成某人的職責(zé)”。fulfill有“完成，實(shí)現(xiàn)，達(dá)成，促成”的意思，常用的搭配有fulfill a duty/dream/role/fuction/expectation/wish/agreement等。

I expect that he will do his part to fulfil the agreement between us and him.

我認(rèn)為他一定會(huì)盡力和我們達(dá)成一致的。

愿陛下托臣以討賊興復(fù)之效，不效，則治臣之罪，以告先帝之靈。

My only desire is to be permitted to drive out the traitors and restore the Han. If I should let you down, punish my offense and report it to the spirit of the late Emperor.

陛下亦宜自謀，以咨諏善道，察納雅言。深追先帝遺詔，臣不勝受恩感激。今當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)離，臨表涕零，不知所言。

Your Majesty, consider your course of action carefully. Seek out good advice, and never forget the late words of the late Emperor. I depart now on a long expedition, and I will be forever grateful if you heed my advice. Blinded by my own tears, I know not what I write.