陪娃寫(xiě)作業(yè)被逼瘋？教你十個(gè)正確的“陪寫(xiě)姿勢(shì)”

1. Establish routines and discourage bad habits

形成固定作息，克服壞習(xí)慣

Set the tone with an uncluttered, well-equipped study space, and create a consistent schedule that includes breaks.

先找一個(gè)干凈整潔、設(shè)施完備的學(xué)習(xí)空間，制定一個(gè)能堅(jiān)持下去的作息時(shí)間表。

Prevent bad habits by intervening when kids toggle between texting and studying, sacrifice sleep for gaming or start work at midnight.

當(dāng)孩子一會(huì)兒發(fā)短信一會(huì)兒學(xué)習(xí)，不睡覺(jué)打游戲，或者半夜才開(kāi)始寫(xiě)作業(yè)時(shí)，家長(zhǎng)要及時(shí)阻止這些壞習(xí)慣。

2. Name and tame negative voices

戰(zhàn)勝軟弱心理，并為之命名

Train kids to notice defeatist thoughts. When a voice whispers, “You’re not good at math,” they can give it a name, such as Mike. Ask them to choose a different name for a voice that affirms they are good at something. Then say: “It’s not you. Mike is causing you problems.”

教會(huì)孩子留意失敗主義的想法。當(dāng)有個(gè)聲音悄悄地說(shuō)“你不擅長(zhǎng)數(shù)學(xué)”時(shí)，他們可以給這個(gè)聲音起一個(gè)名字，例如麥克。讓他們?cè)龠x擇一個(gè)不同的名字，代表一個(gè)肯定他們擅長(zhǎng)的某項(xiàng)活動(dòng)的聲音。然后說(shuō)：“這不是你。這是麥克在找你麻煩。”

3. Dress for success

穿戴“成功服飾”

Have your kids choose special learning attire, such as a thinking hat or a pair of glasses, that they wear only while studying. Researchers at Northwestern University found that even adults are influenced by their clothing. In a study published in the journal Child Development, researchers found that young children persevered longer when they pretended to be a superhero.

讓孩子挑一套特別的學(xué)習(xí)服飾，例如一頂思考帽，或一副眼鏡，只在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)穿戴。美國(guó)西北大學(xué)的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是成年人們也會(huì)受到所穿服飾的影響。研究人員在《兒童發(fā)展》期刊發(fā)表的一篇文章中說(shuō)，當(dāng)孩子們假裝成超級(jí)英雄時(shí)，他們堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)。

4. Let school be the bad guy

讓學(xué)校當(dāng)壞人

If negotiating homework becomes toxic, it is time to contact the child’s teacher or school counselor. Jennifer Goodstein, a sixth-grade teacher in Bethesda, Md. , says she tells parents to stop and write her an email when their child melts down. “We can be the bad guys and say, ‘Okay, Brendan, you were fighting with your mother, so you’re going to do the work here,’ ” she says.

如果很難與孩子就作業(yè)進(jìn)行溝通，就要聯(lián)系孩子的老師或者輔導(dǎo)員。馬里蘭州貝塞斯達(dá)的六年級(jí)教師珍妮弗•古德斯坦說(shuō)，她讓家長(zhǎng)在孩子不聽(tīng)話(huà)時(shí)給她寫(xiě)郵件。她說(shuō)：“我們可以當(dāng)壞人，出面說(shuō)‘好啊，布倫丹，你跟媽媽對(duì)著干，那么你到這兒來(lái)完成作業(yè)吧。’”

5. Give kids options, but inspect what you expect

孩子選擇，家長(zhǎng)監(jiān)督

Allow kids to choose when they work or how they would like to approach a teacher, but follow up, says Kim Campbell, a consultant for the Association for Middle Level Educators in Minnetonka, Minn. If kids promise to connect with a teacher on their own, they need to know what will happen if they do not follow through.

明尼蘇達(dá)州中等水平教育者協(xié)會(huì)顧問(wèn)金•坎貝爾說(shuō)，讓孩子自己選擇什么時(shí)候?qū)懽鳂I(yè)，或者如何與老師打交道。如果孩子保證自己聯(lián)系老師，他們需要知道，如果他們不照做會(huì)有何種后果。

6. Introduce physical breaks

休息時(shí)活動(dòng)筋骨

“When I see that kids are falling asleep, we’ll do 20 jumping jacks, or play rock-paper-scissors, or pretend we’re in the ocean and there are sharks and we need to swim really fast,” Campbell says. To enhance concentration, she recommends that kids take a walk, play sports or go on a bike ride before they start homework.

坎貝爾說(shuō)：“當(dāng)我看到孩子們昏昏欲睡時(shí)，我們會(huì)做20個(gè)開(kāi)合跳，或者玩會(huì)兒石頭剪刀布，或者假裝我們?cè)诖蠛＠?，有鯊魚(yú)，我們需要飛快地游泳。”為了提高專(zhuān)注力，她建議讓孩子在做作業(yè)前散會(huì)兒步，做做體育活動(dòng)，或騎會(huì)兒自行車(chē)。

7. Establish reward systems

建立獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)制度

Rewards work best when they are immediate. “You earn them when you do your homework for a week, not a quarter,” Campbell says. “Some parents will say you have to get all A’s for the semester, but long-term goals don’t work.” The payoff can be something small, such as stickers to decorate their notebook.

如果獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)是立竿見(jiàn)影的，就能發(fā)揮最大的作用?？藏悹栒f(shuō)：“比如，只要連續(xù)一周做完作業(yè)就可以獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。一些家長(zhǎng)會(huì)說(shuō)你這學(xué)期所有科目都要得A，但長(zhǎng)期目標(biāo)不起作用。”這種獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)可以是某種小東西，例如用來(lái)裝飾筆記本用的貼紙。

8. Make modifications and connections

讓作業(yè)變得有趣

Enhance the homework experience by taking field trips or making connections to sports, popular media or current events. Parents also can make the most of technology. Kids can study with friends online or use apps to make flashcards, break units into smaller exercises or brainstorm ideas for essays.

家長(zhǎng)可以帶孩子進(jìn)行戶(hù)外探險(xiǎn)，或者把作業(yè)與體育活動(dòng)、流行事物、當(dāng)前事件聯(lián)系起來(lái)，從而讓做作業(yè)變得更有趣。家長(zhǎng)還可以充分利用技術(shù)手段。孩子可以在網(wǎng)上和朋友們一起學(xué)習(xí)，利用應(yīng)用程序制作單詞卡，或者把大量作業(yè)分成小練習(xí)，或者寫(xiě)作文前搞個(gè)頭腦風(fēng)暴。

But don’t do the work for them. As Wormeli says, “What’s the greater gift we can give our kids, that they learn it and it goes into long-term memory, or that they get a false sense of competency?”

但不要替他們做作業(yè)。正如沃姆利所說(shuō)：“我們能給孩子的更好的禮物，是他們自己學(xué)會(huì)，形成長(zhǎng)期記憶，還是他們對(duì)能力形成錯(cuò)誤認(rèn)識(shí)?”

9. Identify role models to build grit

樹(shù)立行為榜樣，增強(qiáng)毅力

Parents can ask kids to name people they admire, whether they are professional athletes or favorite writers. When the child wants to give up, ask what that role model would do.

父母可以讓孩子說(shuō)出他們崇拜的人，不管是職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員還是喜歡的作家。當(dāng)孩子想要放棄時(shí)，問(wèn)問(wèn)他們，自己的榜樣會(huì)怎么做。

10. Go easy on the pressure

不要施加太大壓力

Too much pressure causes kids to push back. “At an age when you’re just starting to discover who you are, you’re already being told who you need to be,” Jovanovic says. “When the gap between who you want to be and who your parents need you to be is big, you start rebelling.”

太大的壓力會(huì)讓孩子退卻。(心理學(xué)家)約萬(wàn)諾維奇說(shuō)：“當(dāng)孩子還處在發(fā)現(xiàn)自己是誰(shuí)的年齡階段時(shí)候，已經(jīng)被告知需要成為什么樣的人。當(dāng)孩子想成為的人與父母需要他成為的人之間存在巨大差距時(shí)，他會(huì)逐漸變得叛逆。”