2017諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主石黑一雄：挖掘現(xiàn)實(shí)之下的深淵

Kazuo Ishiguro, who won this year’s Nobel Prize in Literature, has a number of strings to his bow, or rather his guitar. The 62-year-old is world famous as a writer of fiction, but his early dream was to be a great singer and songwriter, like last year’s winner, Bob Dylan.

今年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)得主石黑一雄不只會(huì)寫(xiě)作，他還有一手——彈吉他。現(xiàn)年62歲的他是位舉世聞名的小說(shuō)家，但他早年的夢(mèng)想?yún)s是成為一位偉大的歌手和詞曲作家，就像去年的諾獎(jiǎng)得主鮑勃·迪倫那樣。

His friend and former publisher Robert McCrum recalls the young Ishiguro turning up at the publishing house Faber and Faber with a bunch of his stories in one hand and a guitar over his shoulder. It was his stories that earned him the great honor he received two weeks ago.

他的好友、前出版商羅伯特·麥克魯姆還記得當(dāng)時(shí)年輕的石黑背著一把吉他，手上拿著一疊他所寫(xiě)的故事，出現(xiàn)在費(fèi)伯出版社的情景。而正是這些故事讓他在兩周前獲得了諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的殊榮。

As his name indicates, Ishiguro comes from a Japanese background, although he came to Britain from Japan at the age of 5 and is a British citizen who writes in English. He was educated at the University of East Anglia, a school that has become known for training writers.

正如他的名字一樣，石黑有著日本血統(tǒng)，盡管他在5歲時(shí)就從日本移民到英國(guó)，并用英文進(jìn)行寫(xiě)作。他在以培養(yǎng)作家著稱的東安格利亞大學(xué)接受了教育。

Ishiguro’s writing is highly restrained. His characters are often reluctant to express themselves, except in a kind of code. This certainly gives his writing a quality in common with that of Jane Austen, an author to whom he is often compared. The best example of this is his novel The Remains of the Day, which later became a successful film.

石黑的寫(xiě)作風(fēng)格十分克制。他筆下的人物總是不愿意表達(dá)自我，除了以某種密碼的方式。他的這一寫(xiě)作特點(diǎn)與簡(jiǎn)·奧斯汀十分相似，兩人也經(jīng)常被拿來(lái)進(jìn)行比較。最好的一個(gè)例子便是他所著的小說(shuō)《長(zhǎng)日留痕》，后來(lái)也被成功改編成了電影。

The central character of the book is a butler called Stevens. He is an extremely loyal servant to an English lord, and is a character who some might call repressed. He misses out on affection and love because he will not confess his feelings to anyone.

小說(shuō)的主人公是一位名叫史蒂文斯的男管家。他是一位英國(guó)貴族極盡忠誠(chéng)的仆人，有人也會(huì)認(rèn)為這是個(gè)壓抑的角色。他錯(cuò)過(guò)了自己的愛(ài)戀，因?yàn)樗粫?huì)向任何人吐露自己的心聲。

The story is told by Stevens, and his style is as polite and unrevealing as his behavior. Of course, we have to read between the lines to uncover the “real” story, which isn’t quite the one the butler is telling. Stevens finds it a challenge to communicate, and communication is often a theme in Ishiguro’s novels.

故事以史蒂文斯的視角進(jìn)行講述，他的口吻就像其行為那樣有禮又克制。當(dāng)然，我們需要在字里行間讀出“真正的”故事，而這與這位男管家所講述的大相徑庭。史蒂文斯認(rèn)為溝通是種挑戰(zhàn)，而溝通也常是石黑一雄小說(shuō)的主題。

In this author’s sense of the world, there is a gap between our feelings and our ability to communicate them. The Nobel Committee emphasized this theme when it talked about Ishiguro’s work. The writer has, the committee claimed, “in novels of great emotional force ... uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world”.

在這位作者的世界觀中，人們的情感和表達(dá)能力之間存在鴻溝。諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)委員會(huì)在談及石黑的作品時(shí)，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)了這一主題。委員會(huì)稱這位作家“以其小說(shuō)中巨大的情感力量……發(fā)掘了隱藏在我們與世界相聯(lián)系的幻覺(jué)之下的深淵”。