美國(guó)高校為吸引留學(xué)生 將“學(xué)院”改名為“大學(xué)”

近年來(lái)，美國(guó)多所高等學(xué)府更名，把學(xué)校名稱(chēng)從“學(xué)院”(College)改為“大學(xué)”(University)，以招攬外國(guó)學(xué)生，特別是來(lái)自中國(guó)的學(xué)生，因?yàn)樾７秸J(rèn)為，相較于大學(xué)，學(xué)院這個(gè)詞在一些國(guó)家只被當(dāng)成高中或大專(zhuān)。而將學(xué)院改為大學(xué)，有助于對(duì)外提升學(xué)校形象，避免誤解。

What's in a name? A lot, if you had asked Johnson State College and Lyndon State College in the US state of Vermont.

如果有人問(wèn)美國(guó)佛蒙特州的約翰遜州立學(xué)院和林登州立學(xué)院，名字重要嗎?它們會(huì)告訴你，非常重要。

The schools are now one, at least in name - Northern Vermont University - with two campuses 89 kilometers apart.

如今這兩所相距89公里的學(xué)院至少名字上已經(jīng)成為一所大學(xué)——北佛蒙特大學(xué)。

The name change was designed to attract foreign students willing to pay higher tuition. "University" just sounds better than "college".

取這個(gè)名字是為了吸引愿意支付更多學(xué)費(fèi)的留學(xué)生。“大學(xué)”也只是比“學(xué)院”更好聽(tīng)。

NVU will welcome its first freshman class in the fall of 2018.

北佛蒙特大學(xué)2018年秋季將迎來(lái)第一批大一新生。

Across the United States schools have been trying to step up to the surge in foreign students, especially Chinese students. Last year, 328,547 Chinese studied in the US, accounting for 32 percent of all foreign students, according to the Institute of International Education.

美國(guó)各地的學(xué)校都試圖采取措施吸引更多留學(xué)生，特別是中國(guó)學(xué)生。據(jù)國(guó)際教育研究所稱(chēng)，去年美國(guó)有328547名中國(guó)學(xué)生，占全美留學(xué)生總數(shù)的32%。

But Vermont ranks low - 48th among the country's 50 states. Last year, a paltry 1,712 foreign students studied in Vermont, 39 percent of them Chinese.

但在招收留學(xué)生方面，佛蒙特州的排名墊底，在全美50個(gè)州中位列第48。該州去年僅有1712名留學(xué)生，中國(guó)學(xué)生占39%。

Currently, Lyndon has eight international students, including five from China; Johnson State has two international students, one from the United Kingdom and one from Bermuda.

目前，林登州立學(xué)院有8名國(guó)際學(xué)生，其中5名來(lái)自中國(guó);約翰遜州立學(xué)院有兩名國(guó)際學(xué)生，其中一人來(lái)自英國(guó)，另一人來(lái)自百慕大群島。

Last year, the board of trustees of the state college system voted unanimously to unify Johnson and Lyndon State - but keeping each school's campus separate - to save money and increase revenue.

去年，為了節(jié)省開(kāi)支增加收入，州立學(xué)院系統(tǒng)董事會(huì)一致投票決定將兩所學(xué)院合并，但分別保留每所學(xué)校的校園。

Foreign students brought just $75 million to the state last year, up from $34 million six years ago, according to the education institute.

據(jù)該教育機(jī)構(gòu)稱(chēng)，6年前該州留學(xué)生帶來(lái)的收入為3400萬(wàn)美元，去年僅增至7500萬(wàn)美元。

In explaining the name change, Patricia Coates, director of communications for the Vermont State Colleges System, told China Daily that "college" may have a different perception outside the US. In China, "college" may be seen as equivalent to "high school" or "junior college".

佛蒙特州學(xué)院系統(tǒng)交流委員會(huì)主席帕特麗夏•科茨對(duì)改名問(wèn)題做出了解釋?zhuān)嬖V《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》，在美國(guó)以外的地方人們對(duì)“學(xué)院”可能有不同的理解。在中國(guó)，“學(xué)院”似乎等同于“中學(xué)”或“大專(zhuān)”。

"Frankly, let's be honest, 'university' provides a marketing advantage, and that is a big part of what we hope to leverage from this unification," Coates told news website vtdigger.org last year.

去年，科茨對(duì)新聞網(wǎng)站vtdigger.org表示：“坦白講，‘大學(xué)’這個(gè)詞有營(yíng)銷(xiāo)優(yōu)勢(shì)，這也是我們希望這次合并能帶來(lái)的主要好處。”

Vermont's state college tuition is among the highest in any state, according to the website. The state's smaller public colleges have seen enrollments decline and are more dependent on tuition because of low government funding. Tuition and fees make up 58 percent of their revenue; room and board 17 percent; and state money 16 percent.

據(jù)該網(wǎng)站報(bào)道，佛蒙特的州立學(xué)院學(xué)費(fèi)是全美最貴的。該州規(guī)模較小的公立學(xué)院招生已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)下滑，此外，由于州政府的財(cái)政支持很低，學(xué)校更加依賴(lài)學(xué)費(fèi)收入。學(xué)費(fèi)和雜費(fèi)占其財(cái)政收入的58%;食宿費(fèi)用占收入的17%;而政府的補(bǔ)貼占16%。

At Lyndon in 2015, according to the school's website, there were 1,200 students. In-state tuition was $10,700 and out-of-state tuition was $21,764. International students qualify for the Open Frontiers Scholarship when enrolled in any degree program at Lyndon, and can receive $5,500 a year.

據(jù)林登州立學(xué)院官網(wǎng)顯示，2015年，該校學(xué)生有1200名。州內(nèi)學(xué)生學(xué)費(fèi)為10700美元，而州外學(xué)生學(xué)費(fèi)為21764美元。符合邊境開(kāi)放獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金資格的國(guó)際學(xué)生就讀該校任意專(zhuān)業(yè)時(shí)，每年都可以獲得5500美元。

For the academic year 2016-17, Johnson's website lists in-state tuition as $10,244 and out-of-state as $22,680. The tuition for the newly combined NVU hasn't been disclosed yet.

2016-17學(xué)年，約翰遜州立學(xué)院官網(wǎng)列出的州內(nèi)學(xué)生學(xué)費(fèi)為10244美元，而州外學(xué)生為22680美元。新合并的北佛蒙特大學(xué)還沒(méi)有公布學(xué)費(fèi)情況。

It's not the first time that an institute of higher education in Vermont has changed its name. In July 2015, Castleton State College changed to Castleton University after a unanimous vote from the school's board of trustees.

這不是佛蒙特州的高校第一次改名。2015年7月，卡斯?fàn)栴D州立學(xué)院董事會(huì)一致決定將學(xué)院改名為卡斯?fàn)栴D大學(xué)。

University President Dave Wolk explained that the reasons for the name change included growth in the number of graduate programs and the student body, as well as Castleton's international recruitment efforts.

該校校長(zhǎng)德弗•沃爾克解釋稱(chēng)，改名是為了增加研究生課程和學(xué)生數(shù)量，并促進(jìn)國(guó)際招生。

The school's website says that in 2015, 40 countries (including China) were represented among its student body of 2,246. Tuition for the academic year 2017-18 is $22,490 for in-state and $38,042 for out-of-state.

2015年，該校官網(wǎng)稱(chēng)，學(xué)校2246名學(xué)生共來(lái)自40個(gè)國(guó)家，其中包括中國(guó)。學(xué)校2017-18學(xué)年的州內(nèi)學(xué)生學(xué)費(fèi)為22490美元，州外學(xué)生學(xué)費(fèi)為38042美元。

Patrick Liu, director of international student enrollments at Castleton, said people in countries outside the US have a different notion of what "college" means.

卡斯?fàn)栴D大學(xué)留學(xué)生招生處負(fù)責(zé)人帕特里克•劉稱(chēng)，外國(guó)人對(duì)“學(xué)院”這個(gè)詞的意思有不同理解。

"Sometimes, people might think the education quality of a university would be higher than a college," said Liu. "So the change of the school's name could avoid misunderstanding and make it easier to explain to students overseas. It's good for the school's promotion and development, especially overseas."

“有時(shí)候，人們可能認(rèn)為大學(xué)的教學(xué)質(zhì)量可能比學(xué)院的更好。所以更改學(xué)校的名字可以避免誤解，也更容易向海外學(xué)生解釋。這有利于學(xué)校的宣傳與發(fā)展，特別是在海外。”

Last year, Lyndon welcomed its first students from Xi'an into its undergraduate degree program. The school has an electronic journalism arts program that collaborates with China's Xi'an University. Each January, students from Xi'an, Shaanxi province, spend a few weeks on campus for hands-on experience in electronic journalism.

去年，林登州立學(xué)院的本科學(xué)位課程迎來(lái)了第一位來(lái)自陜西西安的學(xué)生。該校與西安大學(xué)在電視新聞藝術(shù)專(zhuān)業(yè)開(kāi)展了合作。每年1月，來(lái)自西安的學(xué)生會(huì)在林登學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)幾周，體驗(yàn)電視新聞報(bào)道實(shí)踐。