"脫歐"擊敗"特朗普主義" 當(dāng)選柯林斯詞典年度詞匯

英國柯林斯詞典(Collins Dictionary)公布年度十大詞匯，英國脫歐(Brexit)登上冠軍。《柯林斯英語詞典》出版商表示，自從2013年“脫歐”一詞被首次提出后，到今年6月公投臨近，“脫歐”的使用率超過了3400%，如此高頻的出現(xiàn)度前所未有。

It is a world where the most intimate feelings and desires can be portrayed with a single emoticon.

當(dāng)今世界，即使是最私密的情感和渴望，人們都可以用一個簡單的表情符號來傳達(dá)。

And it seems the fleeting nature of social media and texting is having an impact on the English language as the words we most frequently use are getting shorter.

社交媒體及短信的迅捷性已對英語產(chǎn)生了影響，比方說，我們最常用的詞語正在變得越來越短。

Helen Newstead, the head of language content at Collins, said its 2016 "words of the year" list has been strongly influenced by the younger generation and not only includes current words like Brexit but also short phrases from social media and a four-letter acronym; Jomo.

柯林斯的語境部負(fù)責(zé)人海倫•紐斯戴德聲稱，2016年柯林斯“年度詞匯”榜單深受年輕一代的影響，它不僅包括像“英國退歐”這種最新詞匯，也囊括來自社交媒體的短語，甚至還有一個四個字母的縮略語——JOMO(享受自己的樂趣)。

Jomo stands for the joy of missing out and is used when one decides to pass up on a party invitation without any fear of missing the event.

JOMO即錯過的樂趣。比如說，當(dāng)你拒絕參加一個聚會，卻不擔(dān)心錯過聚會的樂趣時，就可以使用這個詞。

It is thought to be the first time an acronym has been included on the Collins list, which has been issued since 2012 and celebrates terms that have enjoyed a significant rise in usage.

JOMO的上榜被認(rèn)為是縮略詞被首次納入2012年始發(fā)的柯林斯榜單，這是詞語用法的一次重大突破。

The term joins “throw shade”, a verb which describes when someone publicly shows contempt, and mic drop, the act of pretending to drop a microphone after speaking.

“Throw shade”指某人公開表示自己的蔑視;而“丟麥克風(fēng)”則用于指演講后假裝丟掉麥克風(fēng)的動作。

The latter, which experts said was being used around 14 times more than last year, has been made particularly popular on Twitter and Facebook with celebrities, politicians and members of the Royal family, including Prince Harry and Barack Obama, miming the gesture in viral videos and GIFs.

據(jù)專家統(tǒng)計(jì)，“丟麥克風(fēng)”的使用次數(shù)與去年相比增加了14倍。該詞在推特和臉書上格外受到名人、政治家和皇室成員的歡迎，其中包括哈里王子及貝拉克•奧巴馬等人。該動作在病毒視頻(受到爆炸式增長關(guān)注的視頻)及GIF動畫里被不停模仿。

Other popular terms identified by Collins include dude food, junk food considered particularly appealing to men, sharenting, the habitual use of social media to share images or news about children, and uberisation, a business model where services are offered directly to a customer, for example via a mobile phone.

同樣上榜的其他熱詞包括：“純爺們美食”，指格外吸引男性食客的簡單味美的快餐;“曬娃成癖”，指在社交媒體上分享孩子的照片和新鮮事的習(xí)慣;“優(yōu)步化”指將服務(wù)直接提供給顧客(譬如通過手機(jī))的商業(yè)模式。

2016 | Collins Words of the Year

2016柯林斯年度詞匯榜

Brexit (noun):

英國脫歐(名詞)

The withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union

指英國退出歐盟。

Dude food (noun):

純爺們美食(名詞)

Junk food such as hot dogs or burgers, which are considered particularly appealing to men

指格外吸引男性食客的快餐，比如熱狗或者漢堡。

Hygge (noun):

隨性的舒適(名詞)

A concept, originating in Denmark, of creating cosy and convivial atmospheres that promote well-being

起源于丹麥的一種理念，指營造舒適愜意的氛圍來提升生活品質(zhì)。

Jomo (noun acronym, joy of missing out):

錯過的樂趣(名詞，縮略詞)

Pleasure gained from enjoying ones current activities without worrying that other people are having more fun

享受自己當(dāng)下時光而不擔(dān)心他人更為快樂。

Mic drop (noun):

丟麥克風(fēng)(名詞)

A theatrical gesture in which a person drops (or imitates the action of dropping) a hand-held microphone to the ground as the finale to a speech or performance

指某人把一個手持麥克風(fēng)丟到(或假裝丟到)地上以示演說或表演結(jié)束的戲劇性動作。

Sharenting (noun):

曬娃成癖(名詞)

The habitual use of social media to share news and images of one's children

指在社交媒體上過度分享孩子照片和新鮮事的習(xí)慣。

Snowflake generation (noun):

雪花一代(名詞)

The young adults of the 2010s, who are viewed as being less resilient and more prone to taking offence than previous generations

指最近幾年的青年。與以往幾代人相比，他們被認(rèn)為是適應(yīng)能力更弱并更易發(fā)怒的一代。

Throw shade (verb):

公開蔑視(動詞)

To make a public show of contempt for someone or something, often in a subtle or non-verbal manner

通常指以不易察覺或非口頭的方式公開表示對某人或某物的蔑視。

Trumpism (noun): 特朗普主義(名詞)

(1) the policies advocated by the US politician Donald Trump, especially those involving a rejection of the current political establishment and the vigorous pursuit of American national interests (2) a controversial or outrageous statement attributed to Donald Trump

指(1)美國政客唐納德•特朗普提倡的政策，特指那些涉及反對現(xiàn)有政治機(jī)構(gòu)及執(zhí)著追求美國國家利益的政策;(2)唐納德•特朗普那些充滿爭議且離譜的言論。

Uberization (noun):

優(yōu)步化(名詞)

The adoption of a business model in which services are offered on demand through direct contact between a customer and supplier, usually via mobile technology.

指一種通過顧客和服務(wù)者直接聯(lián)系(通常通過移動技術(shù))實(shí)現(xiàn)服務(wù)直接對接需求的商業(yè)模式的應(yīng)用。

The list also carries on last year's theme and reflects that many now strive to live sensible lives, which focus on well-being.

詞匯榜仍舊沿用去年主題，反映出許多人努力追求理性健康生活的現(xiàn)狀，關(guān)注大眾的生活品質(zhì)。

The use of hygge, the concept of creating a cosy and convivial atmosphere, has almost doubled since last year, experts said.

有專家稱，“隨性的舒適”一詞(即營造愜意舒適的氛圍)的使用次數(shù)，自去年起翻了近一倍。

Ms Newstead put the changing nature of language down to social media where space is often restricted and messages are sent in haste.

紐斯戴德女士認(rèn)為，社交媒體對發(fā)言字?jǐn)?shù)的限制，以及人們發(fā)送信息時的匆忙導(dǎo)致了語言特性的改變。

An analysis of the previous "words of the year" lists by The Telegraph shows the average length of a one-word term has decreased from 9.3 letters per word to 7.3 in the last four years.

《每日電訊報》關(guān)于之前“年度詞匯榜”的分析表明，在過去四年間，單詞詞語所含的平均字母數(shù)已從9.3個字母下降到7.3個字母。

"Most of this year's words are used by or related to the generation born towards the end of the last century their contribution to the constant evolution of the English language should not be overlooked", she said.

“今年的大部分年度詞匯都是上世紀(jì)末出生的一代使用的或與他們有關(guān)的，這代人對英語持續(xù)演化的影響不應(yīng)被忽視。”她說。

Ms Newstead said words that end up on the final cut are often ones that encapsulate a social trend.

紐斯戴德女士還稱，最終上榜的詞匯通常能夠概括近來的社會潮流。

This year, the experts decided the word of the year was Brexit after it saw an unprecedented upsurge of more than 3,400 percent.

今年，在目睹“英國脫歐”一詞的使用率經(jīng)歷前所未有的飆升(超過3400%)后，專家組決定將其定為年度詞匯。

Previous winning words have included binge-watch, photobomb and geek.

以往的年度詞匯包括“煲劇”、“搶鏡”及“極客”等。