帶你毀童年：格林童話的真面目
Premarital sex 婚前性行為
In the original version of "Rapunzel," published in 1812, a prince impregnates the title character after the two spend many days together living in "joy and pleasure." "Hans Dumm," meanwhile, is about a man who impregnates a princess simply by wishing it, and in "The Frog King" a princess spends the night with her suitor once he turns into a handsome bachelor. The Grimms stripped the sex scenes from later versions of "Rapunzel" and "The Frog King" and eliminated "Hans Dumm" entirely. But hidden sexual innuendos in "Grimm's Fairy Tales" remained, according to psychoanalysts, including Sigmund Freud and Erich Fromm, who examined the book in the 20th century.
1812年出版的原版《長發(fā)公主》中，公主在與王子度過了"歡愉"的數(shù)天后未婚先孕。而在《傻瓜漢斯》中，主角能通過意念讓公主懷孕?！肚嗤芡踝印分械墓髟谇嗤茏兓貛洑獾膯紊頋h后，與他共度良宵。在后來的版本中，格林兄弟刪除了《長發(fā)公主》和《青蛙王子》中有關(guān)"性"的情節(jié)，并把《傻瓜漢斯》整篇徹底刪除。但是，西格蒙德·弗洛伊德和埃利希·弗洛姆等心理分析學(xué)家稱，格林童話中仍殘留不少"性暗示"的情節(jié)。
Graphic violence 暴力描繪
Although the brothers Grimm toned down the sex in later editions of their work, they actually ramped up the violence. A particularly horrific incident occurs in "The Robber Bridegroom," when some bandits drag a maiden into their underground hideout, force her to drink wine until her heart bursts, rip off her clothes and then hack her body into pieces. Other tales have similarly gory episodes. In "Cinderella" the evil stepsisters cut off their toes and heels trying to make the slipper fit and later have their eyes pecked out by doves; in "The Six Swans" an evil mother-in-law is burned at the stake; in "The Goose Maid" a false bride is stripped naked, thrown into a barrel filled with nails and dragged through the streets; and in "Snow White" the wicked queen dies after being forced to dance in red-hot iron shoes. Even the love stories contain violence. The princess in "The Frog King" turns her amphibian companion into a human not by kissing it, but instead by hurling it against a wall in frustration.
盡管格林兄弟在后來的版本中削弱了故事中的性情節(jié)，另一方面，他們加足馬力繪聲繪色的描繪了許多暴力畫面。比如《強(qiáng)盜新郎》中現(xiàn)十分恐怖一幕：幾個(gè)土匪把一個(gè)少女拖入地下窩點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)迫她喝酒直到她心臟破裂。然后他們脫光了她的衣服，把她分尸。另一個(gè)血淋淋的故事竟然發(fā)生在鼎鼎大名的《灰姑娘》中：灰姑娘兩個(gè)惡毒的姐姐為了能穿上水晶鞋，竟然切掉了她們的腳趾和腳后跟。她們的下場也很悲慘——被鴿子啄瞎了眼睛。在《六只天鵝》中，邪惡的繼母被綁在一根柱子上燒死;《牧鵝姑娘》中的假新娘被脫光了衣服扔進(jìn)一個(gè)裝滿釘子的木桶，然后游街示眾;而《白雪公主》中的邪惡皇后，被強(qiáng)迫穿著燒紅了的鐵鞋跳舞，最后被折磨致死。即使是浪漫的愛情故事，也包含暴力情節(jié)?！肚嗤芡踝印分械那嗤懿皇潜还魃钋橐晃亲兓貛浉绲?，而是被用力扔到墻上變身的……
Child abuse 虐童
Even more shockingly, much of the violence in "Grimm's Fairy Tales" is directed at children. Snow White is just 7 years old when the huntsman takes her into the forest with orders to bring back her liver and lungs. In "The Juniper Tree" a woman decapitates her stepson as he bends down to get an apple. She then chops up his body, cooks him in a stew and serves it to her husband, who enjoys the meal so much he asks for seconds. Snow White eventually wins the day, as does the boy in "The Juniper Tree," who is brought back to life. But not every child in the Grimms' book is so lucky. The title character in "Frau Trude" turns a disobedient girl into a block of wood and tosses her into a fire. And in "The Stubborn Child" a youngster dies after God lets him become sick.
更讓人震驚的是，格林童話里的許多暴力情節(jié)，受害者都是孩子。白雪公主被獵人帶去森林時(shí)，只有7歲，而獵人正奉命取她的肝和肺。在《杜松樹》中，繼子彎腰撿蘋果時(shí)，繼母砍掉了他的頭。繼母后又把他分尸燉煮，讓自己的丈夫吃掉。丈夫竟然很享用這頓"大餐"，還想再吃一次。盡管白雪公主最終幸福的和王子生活在了一起，《杜松樹》里的小男孩也起死回生，但不是所有出現(xiàn)在格林童話中的孩子都那么幸運(yùn)?！短佤?shù)锰防锏闹鹘前岩粋€(gè)叛逆的小女孩變成了一塊木頭，扔進(jìn)火堆。而在《固執(zhí)的小孩》中，上帝讓一個(gè)年輕人生病，最后悲慘病死。
Anti-Semitism 反猶太主義
The Grimms gathered over 200 tales for their collection, three of which contained Jewish characters. In "The Jew in the Brambles" the protagonist happily torments a Jew by forcing him to dance in a thicket of thorns. He also insults the Jew, calling him a "dirty dog," among other things. The Jew in the story turns out to be a thief and is hanged. In "The Good Bargain" a Jewish man is likewise portrayed as a penny-pinching swindler. During the Third Reich, the Nazis adopted the Grimms' tales for propaganda purposes. They claimed, for instance, that Little Red Riding Hood symbolized the German people suffering at the hands of the Jewish wolf, and that Cinderella's Aryan purity distinguished her from her mongrel stepsisters.
格林童話收錄了200多個(gè)故事，其中三個(gè)涉及到猶太角色。在《荊棘中的猶太人》中，主角興致勃勃的讓一個(gè)猶太人在長滿尖刺的灌木叢中跳舞。他還用了"骯臟的狗"等詞辱罵猶太人。故事中的猶太人其實(shí)是個(gè)小偷，最后難逃被吊死的命運(yùn)。在《好交易》中，一個(gè)猶太男人被描繪為守財(cái)吝嗇的騙子。第三帝國時(shí)期，納粹曾用格林童話作為宣傳工具。比如，他們稱，《小紅帽》象征著在猶太狼魔爪生活下的德國人，灰姑娘的"雅利安"血統(tǒng)讓她優(yōu)于她的兩個(gè)血統(tǒng)不純的繼姐。
Incest 亂倫
In "All-Kinds-of-Fur" a king promises his dying wife that he will only remarry if his new bride is as beautiful as her. Unfortunately, no such woman exists in the whole world except his daughter, who ends up escaping his clutches by fleeing into the wilderness. While interviewing sources, the Grimms likewise heard versions of a different story–"The Girl Without Hands"–with an incestuous father. Nonetheless, in all editions of their book they recast this father as the devil.
在《千皮獸》中，國王向?qū)⑺赖钠拮颖ＷC，他只有在未來的新娘和她一樣漂亮?xí)r才會再娶。然而，世界上只有他的女兒和自己的妻子一樣美麗。國王的女兒逃到荒野，才免遭父親的魔爪。在收集故事素材時(shí)，格林兄弟還聽到過有關(guān)亂倫父親的其它版本——《沒有手的女孩》。然而，在所有的版本中，格林兄弟都重塑了這個(gè)父親的惡魔形象。
Wicked mothers 邪惡的母親
Evil stepparents are a dime a dozen in fairy tales, but the Grimms originally included some evil biological mothers as well. In the 1812 version of "Hansel and Gretel," a wife persuades her husband to abandon their children in the woods because they don't have enough food to feed them. Snow White also has an evil mother, who at first wishes for and then become infuriated by her daughter's beauty. The Grimms turned both of these characters into stepmothers in subsequent editions, and mothers have essentially remained off the hook ever since in the retelling of these stories.
童話故事里繼父繼母是?？停谠娴母窳滞捴?，也有不少惡毒的親生母親。在1812年版本的《奇幻森林歷險(xiǎn)記》中，因?yàn)闆]有足夠的食物，一個(gè)妻子說服丈夫在叢林中拋棄了他們的孩子。白雪公主的生母也很邪惡，她起先希望女兒貌美，之后又因?yàn)榕畠旱拿裁蓝陡袘嵟８窳中值茉诖撕蟮陌姹局?，把這些邪惡的生母都變成了繼母，而親生母親在后來的版本中都擺脫了邪惡的頭銜。
