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誰(shuí)是世界上最有名的人?

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  Who’s More Famous Than Jesus?

  誰(shuí)是世界上最有名的人?

  There are many varieties of fame. Jesus Christ was the first person to achieve it globally, Clive James wrote, “without conquering the world by violence.” The best kind for a poet to earn, W. H. Auden said, is like some valley cheese — “local, but prized elsewhere.” Yet if all fame, like all politics, is to some degree local, how thoroughly it has been transmitted across the planet and through the centuries has been difficult, if not impossible, to quantify.

  名人也分很多種,如克萊夫·詹姆斯(Clive James)所言,耶穌基督是第一個(gè)“不是通過(guò)暴力征服世界”而享譽(yù)全球的名人。 而W·H·奧登(W. H. Auden)說(shuō),詩(shī)人所獲得的最好獎(jiǎng)賞有點(diǎn)像山谷奶酪——“在本地生產(chǎn),卻在別處獲得贊譽(yù)”。如果說(shuō)所有名人都像政治家那樣,在某種程度上屬于本土,他們的名聲在整個(gè)世界,乃至整個(gè)歷史上的傳播到底有多廣泛,這個(gè)問(wèn)題實(shí)在很難定量化,甚至根本就不可能。

  Pantheon, a new project from the Macro Connections group in M.I.T.’s Media Lab, is giving that a stab. It has collected and analyzed data on cultural production from 4,000 B.C. to 2010. With a few clicks on its website, which just went live, you can swing through time and geography, making plain the output of, say, Brazil (largely soccer players) or Belarus (politicians). It also ranks professions from chemists to jurists to porn stars (No. 1 is Jenna Jameson; No. 2 is the Czech Republic’s Silvia Saint).

  “萬(wàn)神殿”(Pantheon)是麻省理工學(xué)院媒體實(shí)驗(yàn)室的“宏連接”(Macro Connections)小組開(kāi)發(fā)的一個(gè)新項(xiàng)目,似乎一舉解決了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。它從公元前4000年到公元2010年的文化產(chǎn)品中收集并解析數(shù)據(jù)。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的網(wǎng)站剛剛上線(xiàn)不久,只需在上面點(diǎn)擊幾下,你就可以在時(shí)間與空間中暢游,搞清巴西和白俄羅斯都出產(chǎn)過(guò)哪些名人(巴西主要是足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員,白俄羅斯則盛產(chǎn)政客)。它還為各種職業(yè)提供知名度排序,從化學(xué)家到法官再到色情明星(第一名是詹娜·杰姆森[Jenna Jameson],第二名是捷克的圣西爾維婭[Silvia Saint])。

  For now, you are legitimately famous, the M.I.T. team has decided, if a Wikipedia page under your name exists in more than 25 languages. We have taken a smattering of the most famous, according to Pantheon data and classifications, and wandered down rabbit holes of fame. There are many ghosts in the machine — spirits that César Hidalgo, the project’s director, likes to tend. (The ranking system takes longevity into account, which helps explain why many of its most famous people have been dead for at least 1,500 years.) “Poetically, we can say that Isaac Newton’s ghost — understood as information — lives reincarnated in the hard drives that populate server farms,” he says. And these ghosts gather to make a point. Even in an era of Kardashians, actually making things matters. “Tangible achievements,” Hidalgo says, “whether these are songs, books, works of art or scientific discoveries, are better tickets to long-term immortality than the accumulation of material wealth.”

  目前,麻省理工的研究小組認(rèn)為,凡是在維基百科上的條目擁有多于25種語(yǔ)言版本的,就可以被認(rèn)定為名人。根據(jù)“萬(wàn)神殿”的數(shù)據(jù)和分類(lèi),我們就可以對(duì)名人們有一個(gè)淺顯的認(rèn)識(shí),從而在“名氣”的兔子洞中漫游。項(xiàng)目中潛藏著不少幽魂,它們都是項(xiàng)目的負(fù)責(zé)人凱撒·希達(dá)爾戈(César Hidalgo)所樂(lè)見(jiàn)的(排名系統(tǒng)中把名聲的長(zhǎng)盛不衰程度也列入條件,這可以解釋為什么系統(tǒng)中許多最著名的人都已經(jīng)故去至少1500年以上)。“詩(shī)意地說(shuō),我們可以說(shuō)艾薩克·牛頓(Isaac Newton)的幽魂作為一種信息,轉(zhuǎn)世化身而來(lái),寓居在硬盤(pán)里,居住在服務(wù)器群里,”他說(shuō)。這些鬼魂聚在一起是有意義的。“他們留下了看得見(jiàn)摸得著的成就,”他說(shuō),“或許是歌曲、書(shū)籍、藝術(shù)品或科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn),這些都是通往不朽的入場(chǎng)券,遠(yuǎn)勝于積累物質(zhì)財(cái)富。”

  Most Famous People of the Last 6,000 Years

  過(guò)去6000年里世界上最有名的人

  1. Aristotle

  1. 亞里士多德(Aristotle)

  2. Plato

  2. 柏拉圖(Plato)

  3. Jesus Christ

  3. 耶穌基督(Jesus Christ)

  4. Socrates

  4. 蘇格拉底(Socrates)

  5. Alexander the Great

  5. 亞歷山大大帝(Alexander the Great)

  6. Leonardo Da Vinci

  6. 萊昂納多·達(dá)·芬奇(Leonardo Da Vinci)

  7. Confucius

  7. 孔子

  8. Julius Caesar

  8. 尤里烏斯·凱撒(Julius Caesar)

  9. Homer

  9. 荷馬(Homer)

  10. Pythagoras

  10. 畢達(dá)哥拉斯(Pythagoras)

  Most Famous Soccer Players of the 20th Century

  20世紀(jì)最有名的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員

  1. Cristiano Ronaldo

  1.克里斯蒂亞諾·羅納爾多(Cristiano Ronaldo)

  2. Pelé

  2. 貝利(Pelé)

  3. Lionel Messi

  3. 里奧內(nèi)爾·梅西(Lionel Messi)

  4. Ronaldo

  4. 羅納爾多(Ronaldo)

  5. Ronaldinho

  5. 羅納爾迪尼奧(Ronaldinho)

  6. Diego Maradona

  6. 迭戈·馬拉多納(Diego Maradona)

  7. Zinedine Zidane

  7. 齊內(nèi)丁·齊達(dá)內(nèi)(Zinedine Zidane)

  8. David Beckham

  8. 大衛(wèi)·貝克漢姆(David Beckham)

  Number of Soccer Players on the List: 1,064

  在名單上的全部足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員人數(shù):1064人

  Number of American-Football Players: 1 (O.J. Simpson)

  在名單上的美式橄欖球運(yùn)動(dòng)員人數(shù):一人(O·J·辛普森[O.J. Simpson])

  Most Famous Guys Named John

  最有名的“約翰”們

  1. John the Baptist

  1. 施洗約翰(John the Baptist)

  2. John Locke

  2. 約翰·洛克(John Locke)

  3. John Calvin

  3. 約翰·加爾文(John Calvin)

  4. Johnny Depp

  4. 約翰尼·德普(Johnny Depp)

  5. John F. Kennedy

  5. 約翰·F·肯尼迪(John F. Kennedy)

  6. John Maynard Keynes

  6. 約翰·梅納德·凱恩斯(John Maynard Keynes)

  7. John Lennon

  7. 約翰·列儂(John Lennon)

  8. Pope John Paul II

  8. 教皇約翰·保羅二世(Pope John Paul II)

  Most Famous Guys Named Steve

  最有名的“史蒂夫”們

  1. Steven Spielberg

  1. 史蒂文·斯坦伯格(Steven Spielberg)

  2. Steven Seagal

  2. 史蒂文·席格(Steven Seagal)

  3. Steve Jobs

  3. 史蒂夫·喬布斯(Steve Jobs)

  4. Stevie Wonder

  4. 史蒂夫·旺德(Stevie Wonder)


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