美國(guó)人買便宜衣服的日子一去不復(fù)返

　　美國(guó)人買便宜衣服的日子一去不復(fù)返

　　FOR decades, declining prices have helped American consumers spend less on one critical part of every family’s budget: clothing. But those days may be ending.

　　數(shù)十年來，價(jià)格的下降讓美國(guó)消費(fèi)者在家庭預(yù)算的一個(gè)重要組成部分上支出減少了，這部分就是服裝。但這樣的日子可能會(huì)一去不復(fù)返。

　　The government reported this week that consumer prices for apparel rose 0.6 percent in 2013. That is hardly rampant inflation, but it was the third consecutive year that apparel prices increased. Before 2011, those prices had risen in only two of the previous 13 years.

　　根據(jù)美國(guó)政府本周發(fā)布的報(bào)告，服裝的消費(fèi)價(jià)格在2013年上漲了0.6%。漲幅雖然小，但已經(jīng)是服裝價(jià)格連續(xù)第三年上漲。在2011年之前的13年里，服裝價(jià)格只有兩年出現(xiàn)過上漲。

　　The long stretch of falling apparel prices was largely attributable to an era of cheap imports, as China emerged from economic isolation to become the world’s largest exporter. That emergence damaged the apparel industries in all major industrial countries, but it was a boon to living standards for consumers, who were left with more money for other purchases.

　　服裝價(jià)格長(zhǎng)期下降的主要原因，是中國(guó)對(duì)外開放經(jīng)濟(jì)，逐漸成為世界上最大的出口國(guó)，一個(gè)以低廉價(jià)格進(jìn)口服裝的時(shí)代也隨之形成。這讓所有主要工業(yè)國(guó)家的服裝生產(chǎn)業(yè)蒙受了損失，但對(duì)于消費(fèi)者的生活水平而言卻是一個(gè)福音，因?yàn)榇蠹铱梢允∠赂嗟腻X來購(gòu)買其他東西。

　　In 1987, apparel accounted for 5.4 percent of all personal consumption spending in the United States. By 2009, that figure was down to 3.1 percent. In 2012, the year for which data is available, the figure had recovered a little, to 3.2 percent.

　　1987年，服裝占美國(guó)全部個(gè)人消費(fèi)支出的5.4%。到2009年，這一數(shù)字下降到3.1%。2012年略有回升，達(dá)3.2%。2013年的數(shù)據(jù)尚未出來。

　　What may have marked the end of the era came in 2010, when unfavorable weather reduced cotton production in all three of the world’s largest producers — China, India and the United States. India briefly banned exports, and prices began to rise. In early 2011, the price of cotton briefly reached $2.19 a pound, compared with less than 70 cents at the beginning of 2010.

　　2010年發(fā)生的事件可能標(biāo)志著以低廉價(jià)格進(jìn)口服裝的時(shí)代結(jié)束了，在那一年，惡劣氣候?qū)е轮袊?guó)、印度和美國(guó)這三個(gè)全球最大的棉花生產(chǎn)國(guó)產(chǎn)量減少。印度直接禁止了出口，棉花價(jià)格開始攀升。2011年上半年，棉花價(jià)格曾短暫升至每磅2.19美元(約合人民幣13.25元)，這個(gè)數(shù)字在2010年年初還不到70美分。

　　The price of cotton was back under $1 by the end of 2011, but that move helped to push American apparel inflation to 4.6 percent in 2011, the highest figure since 1990 and well above the overall inflation rate of 3 percent. It was the first time since 1991 that apparel prices had risen more than the overall inflation rate.

　　2011年底，棉花價(jià)格又回到1美元以下，但之前的一波升勢(shì)已經(jīng)把美國(guó)服裝的通脹率推至了2011年的4.6%，創(chuàng)下自1990年以來的最高記錄，遠(yuǎn)高于當(dāng)年3%的整體通脹率。這是自1991年以來，服裝價(jià)格的上漲第一次超過了整體通脹率。

　　The apparel inflation rate fell to 1.8 percent in 2012, a small amount over the inflation rate, and to 0.6 percent in 2013, well below the overall 1.5 percent rate.

　　2012年，服裝通脹率降至1.8%，略高于整體通脹率;2013年為0.6%，遠(yuǎn)低于1.5%的整體通脹率。

　　This week’s report showed that apparel prices fell in December, as they always do during holiday sales. But the decline of 2.3 percent for the month was the smallest such dip in December in eight years — perhaps an indication that clothing retailers were more successful at avoiding deep discounts than they were in previous years. On a seasonally adjusted basis, the Bureau of Labor Statistics concluded, apparel prices were up 0.9 percent from November.

　　本周的報(bào)告顯示，去年的服裝價(jià)格在12月出現(xiàn)了下滑，每年的圣誕銷售季都會(huì)出現(xiàn)這樣的情況。但2.3%的月跌幅是8年以來12月跌幅中最小的——也許這是一個(gè)跡象，表明跟以前相比，服裝零售商更成功地避免了大幅折價(jià)出售商品。對(duì)季節(jié)性因素進(jìn)行調(diào)整之后，美國(guó)勞工統(tǒng)計(jì)局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，去年12月的服裝價(jià)格比11月上漲了0.9%。

　　China remains a force for deflation in the world, but perhaps less than it was. With wages rising, it has lost some of its business in inexpensive apparel production to other countries, including Vietnam and Bangladesh. China provided a record 19.4 percent of American imports in the 12 months through November, but that figure is no longer rising at a rapid rate.

　　中國(guó)仍然是一支全球性的通貨緊縮力量，但其力度可能已經(jīng)不如從前。隨著中國(guó)工資水平的上漲，它在廉價(jià)服裝生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的部分地盤已被越南和孟加拉國(guó)等國(guó)蠶食。到去年11月截止的12個(gè)月中，美國(guó)進(jìn)口服裝的19.4%來自中國(guó)，這個(gè)數(shù)字雖然創(chuàng)下新高，但增幅已經(jīng)放緩了。

　　Over the last 27 years — since the end of 1986 — American apparel prices have risen only 17 percent. The weakest prices have been in children’s clothing, an area where (parental) buyers may be particularly price-sensitive. The figures indicate that boys’ clothing prices rose a scant 1 percent over the period, while girls’ clothing prices declined 6 percent. Men’s clothing prices rose more rapidly than women’s, but shoes, up 29 percent over the period, rose more rapidly than any category of clothing.

　　在自1986年年底開始的過去27年中，美國(guó)服裝價(jià)格只上漲了17%。兒童服裝一直是增長(zhǎng)最為乏力的門類，這可能是因?yàn)楦改纲I家對(duì)該門類的價(jià)格特別敏感。數(shù)據(jù)表明，男孩服裝類價(jià)格漲幅僅為1%，而同期女孩服裝類價(jià)格下降了6%。男士服裝價(jià)格上漲速度快于女士服裝，但同期鞋類價(jià)格增幅達(dá)29%，高于服裝的所有其他門類。