原因狀語(yǔ)從句詳解

　　1. because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般放于主句之后， because表示直接原因， 語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)， 最適合回答 why引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句。例如： I do it because I like it. 我做這件事是因?yàn)槲蚁矚g。

　　注意： “not ... because”結(jié)構(gòu)中的not否定的是because引導(dǎo)的整個(gè)從句， 例如： The country is not strong because it is large. 國(guó)強(qiáng)不在大。

　　2. since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、 顯然的理由(通常被翻譯成“既然”)， 較為正式， 語(yǔ)氣比because弱。例如： Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics. 既然今天你休息， 你最好幫我補(bǔ)習(xí)數(shù)學(xué)。

　　注意： seeing (that)， now (that)， considering (that)， in that這幾個(gè)詞匯與since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句意思相近， 都表示“既然”。例如： Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there's no reason that we should now help him. 他既然曾經(jīng)拒絕幫助我們， 我們現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有理由要來(lái)幫助他。// Now (that) you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents. 既然你長(zhǎng)大了， 就不應(yīng)該依靠你的父母了。// Considering (that) everybody is here, let's begin our discussion. 既然大家都到了， 我們就開(kāi)始討論吧。// In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it. 因?yàn)橛胁。?他覺(jué)得做不了那件事。

　　3. as 引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)表示附帶說(shuō)明的“雙方已知的原因”， 語(yǔ)氣比since弱， 較為正式， 位置較為靈活(常放于主句之前)。例如： As it is raining, you'd better take a taxi. 既然在下雨， 你最好乘出租汽車。// As you are tired, you had better rest. 既然累了， 你最好休息一下。// I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我睡得早， 因?yàn)槲医钇ＡΡM了。

　　4. for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句并不說(shuō)明主句行為發(fā)生的直接原因， 只提供一些輔助性的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明， for引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句只能放于主句之后并且必須用逗號(hào)將其與主句隔開(kāi)。例如： He could not have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能見(jiàn)過(guò)我， 因?yàn)槲也辉谀抢铩?/p>

　　[考題1] ____ you've got a chance, you might as well make full use of it. (1999)

　　A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as

　　[答案] A

　　[解析] 主句與從句之間存在因果關(guān)系， 且“you've got a chance”表示一個(gè)顯而易見(jiàn)的原因， 因此應(yīng)選用表原因的now that。

　　[考題2] He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail. (2006北京)

　　A. and B. for C. but D. or

　　[答案] B

　　[解析] “his eyesight was beginning to fail”是“he found it increasingly difficult to read”的原因， 因此本題應(yīng)選用可以表示原因的連詞for引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　[考題3] A man cannot smile like a child, ____ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone. (2006湖南)

　　A. so B. but C. and D. for

　　[答案] D

　　[解析] 下劃線處之后的句子補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明“a man cannot smile like a child”的原因， 應(yīng)選用for表原因。