定語(yǔ)從句講解：“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)

　　“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)

　　1. “介詞+ which”在關(guān)系分句中分別可作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語(yǔ)，代替相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when, where和why。如：

　?、買 still remember the day on which (= when) I first came to school. 我仍然記得初來(lái)學(xué)校的那一天。

　?、赥he factory in which (= where) I work is a large one. 我工作的工廠是一個(gè)大廠子。

　　2. “介詞+ which(指物)/whom(指人)”在關(guān)系分句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，表示存在關(guān)系，關(guān)系分句主謂常須倒裝。如：

　?、賂hey arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy. 他們來(lái)到一處農(nóng)舍，前邊坐著一個(gè)小男孩。

　?、贗 saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird. 我看見一個(gè)人，他的頭上有一只鳥。

　　3. “不定代詞或數(shù)詞+ of + which(指物)/whom(指人)”在關(guān)系分句中作主語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明整體中的一部分。如：

　　①China has a lot of islands, one of which is Diaoyu. 中國(guó)有許多島嶼，其中之一是釣魚島。

　　②There are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film. 這里有許多學(xué)生，他們之中無(wú)人喜歡這部電影。

　　4. “介詞+ which(指物)/whom(指人)”在關(guān)系分句中作目的、方式或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如：

　　①Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat? 你能告訴我這件衣服是給誰(shuí)買的嗎?

　?、赥he man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer. 這人是一位工程師，我是從他那里得到這個(gè)消息的。

　　5. “介詞+ which(指物)/whom(指人)”用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系分句中，作狀語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如：

　?、賂he wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot. 傷害羊的那只狼被打死了。

　?、赥he man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter. 打死狼的那人是一個(gè)好獵手。

　　6. “名詞+ of which”代替“whose +名詞”在關(guān)系分句中作定語(yǔ)。如：

　?、買 saw some trees, the leaves of which (= whose leaves ) were black with disease. 我看見一些樹，它們的葉子因害病而發(fā)黑。

　　②He mentioned a book, the title of which (= whose title) I’ve forgotten. 他提到一本書，書名我忘了。

　　7. “介詞+ which(指物)/whose(指人)”修飾后邊的名詞。如：

　?、買t rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces. 雨下了一天一夜，就在這期間輪船撞碎了。

　?、赥he driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps. 司機(jī)就是那個(gè)男人，她從他的房間偷走地圖。

　　8. “介詞+ which +不定式”。此種用法多見于正文體中，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句。如：

　　She had only 1.87 with which to buy (= she could buy) Jim, her husband, a present. 她只有一元八角七分錢，用這些錢她給丈夫吉姆買一件禮物。分句中分別可作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語(yǔ)，代替相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when, where和why。如：

　?、賂he factory in which (= where) I work is a large one. 我工作的工廠是一個(gè)大廠子。

　?、赥his is the reason for which (= why )he was put in prison. 這就是他為什么被關(guān)起來(lái)的原因。


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