1)由wh-詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh-從句。Wh-詞包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh-從句的語(yǔ)法功能除了和that-從句一樣外,還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)等,例如:
主語(yǔ): How the book will sell depends on its author. 書(shū)銷(xiāo)售如何取決于作者本人。
直接賓語(yǔ):In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以隨心所欲。
間接賓語(yǔ):The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱樂(lè)部將給得勝者設(shè)獎(jiǎng)。
表語(yǔ): My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的問(wèn)題是誰(shuí)將接任該基金會(huì)主席職位。
賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高興給他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位語(yǔ): I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。
形容詞賓語(yǔ):I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她為什么拒絕他們的邀請(qǐng)。
介詞賓語(yǔ): That depends on where we shall go.
那取決于我們?nèi)ツ膬骸?br>
2)Wh-從句作主語(yǔ)也常用先行詞it做形式主語(yǔ),而將wh-從句置于句末,例如:
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
還沒(méi)決定誰(shuí)做這項(xiàng)工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他們何時(shí)結(jié)婚依然不明。