12.4 不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況

　1) 不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
appear, die disappear, end (vi. 結(jié)束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand
break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
　After the fire, very little remained of my house.

　比較： rise, fall, happen是不及物動(dòng)詞；raise, seat是及物動(dòng)詞。
　　
　(錯(cuò)) The price has been risen.
　(對(duì)) The price has risen.
　(錯(cuò)) The accident was happened last week.　　　
　(對(duì)) The accident happened last week.
　(錯(cuò)) The price has raised.　　　　　　　　　　
　(對(duì)) The price has been raised.
　(錯(cuò)) Please seat.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　(對(duì)) Please be seated.
　　要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問(wèn)題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中多留意積累。

　 2) 不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

　This key just fits the lock.
　Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
　
　 3) 系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
　　 It sounds good.
　
　 4) 帶同源賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞，反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
die, death, dream, live, life
　　She dreamed a bad dream last night.
　
　 5) 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí)，很少用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
　　 (對(duì)) She likes to swim.
　　 (錯(cuò)) To swim is liked by her.