VOA慢速英語聽力訓(xùn)練素材：自閉癥生物測試

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VOA慢速英語，作為國際英語學(xué)習(xí)者的重要資源，通過清晰緩慢的發(fā)音與簡潔的詞匯，為初學(xué)者及中等水平學(xué)習(xí)者搭建了通往流利英語的橋梁。它不僅幫助提升聽力理解能力，還豐富了詞匯量，增強了語感，是學(xué)習(xí)地道英語表達不可或缺的工具，對全球英語學(xué)習(xí)者的語言提升至關(guān)重要。讓我們一起進入今天的VOA慢速英語聽力訓(xùn)練：自閉癥生物測試。

英文原文

Doctors currently identify autism disorders by observing behavior. Autism affects social and communication skills, and it usually first appears in young children. Now researchers think they have found a biological test for autism. A team from Harvard University in Massachusetts and the University of Utah developed it. The test uses an MRI, or magnetic resonance imaging machine, to look for abnormalities in the brain. Other studies have not shown major structural differences between the brains of autistic people and those without autism. But the latest study did not look at the large structures of the brain. Instead, Harvard's Nicholas Lang says the team looked at the circuitry, chemical and electrical pathways, that link the different parts of the brain. "The brain may be okay, the parts that do the work may be okay, but the wiring, the cables, between the points in the brain one to another, maybe disrupted in some way."

目前，醫(yī)生通過觀察行為來識別自閉癥。自閉癥會影響社交和溝通能力，通常首次出現(xiàn)在幼兒身上。現(xiàn)在，研究人員認為他們已經(jīng)找到了一種自閉癥的生物測試方法。這一方法由馬薩諸塞州哈佛大學(xué)和猶他大學(xué)的一個團隊開發(fā)。該測試使用磁共振成像（MRI）機器來尋找大腦中的異常。其他研究并未發(fā)現(xiàn)自閉癥患者與非自閉癥患者的大腦在結(jié)構(gòu)上存在重大差異。但最新研究并未關(guān)注大腦的大結(jié)構(gòu)。相反，哈佛大學(xué)的尼古拉斯·朗表示，研究團隊關(guān)注的是連接大腦不同部分的電路、化學(xué)和電信號通路?！按竽X本身可能沒問題，負責(zé)工作的部分也可能沒問題，但大腦各點之間連接的線路、電纜可能在某種程度上受到了破壞。”

The scientist did MRI scans on 60 males between the ages of 8 and 26. 30 of them had been identified as having mild autism, a form also known as high-functioning autism. The researchers looked at the connections in two areas of the brain that control language and social behavior. They used a technique called diffusion tensor imaging. This way, they could observe microscopic fibers to see how well the brain circuitry was organized. Nicholas Lang says the pictures showed a clear difference between the people with autism and those without. "Compared it to spaghetti: there's a bundle of uncooked spaghetti, and there's a clear directionality to that. It's nice and well organized, as opposed to a cooked bowl of spaghetti that's just a tangle of it. It looks like spaghetti, and that's the way the wiring can be. It can either be very tangled or very organized."

科學(xué)家對60名8至26歲的男性進行了MRI掃描。其中30人被診斷為輕度自閉癥，也稱為高功能自閉癥。研究人員觀察了控制語言和社交行為的大腦兩個區(qū)域的連接。他們使用了一種稱為擴散張量成像的技術(shù)。通過這種方式，他們可以觀察微觀纖維，以了解大腦電路的組織情況。尼古拉斯·朗表示，圖像顯示自閉癥患者與非自閉癥患者之間存在明顯差異?！鞍阉茸饕獯罄妫河幸皇粗蟮囊獯罄妫忻鞔_的方向性。它整齊有序，與煮熟后的一碗意大利面截然不同，后者只是一團亂麻。它看起來像意大利面，而大腦的線路也可能如此。它要么非?；靵y，要么非常有序。”

The researchers say the tests were able to predict with 94 percent accuracy which of the people had been found to have autism. The researchers repeated their study with new participants and got equally strong results. The results appear in the journal Autism Research. But Doctor Lang says the test is not ready yet for general use; the study was small and only involved males. It also used older children and adults. Doctor Lang says that in time, the test might be able to identify autism in children under three. Three is currently the youngest age at which most doctors will diagnose an autism disorder, but most parents begin to suspect a problem by the age of two.

研究人員表示，這些測試能夠以94%的準確率預(yù)測哪些人患有自閉癥。研究人員用新參與者重復(fù)了這項研究，并得到了同樣有力的結(jié)果。研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《自閉癥研究》雜志上。但朗醫(yī)生表示，該測試尚未準備好用于臨床推廣；該研究規(guī)模較小，且僅涉及男性。它還使用了年齡較大的兒童和成年人。朗醫(yī)生表示，隨著時間的推移，該測試可能能夠識別出3歲以下兒童的自閉癥。目前，3歲是大多數(shù)醫(yī)生診斷自閉癥障礙的最小年齡，但大多數(shù)父母在兩歲前就開始懷疑孩子有問題。

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