11.12 比較since和for

　　Since 用來(lái)說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來(lái)說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度。
　　I have lived here for more than twenty years.
　　I have lived here since I was born..
　　My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.　
　　Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.
　　I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.　
　　My brother has been in the Youth League for two years.　
　　I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.

　　注意：并非有for 作為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
　　 I worked here for more than twenty years.
　　　(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)
　　 I have worked here for many years.　　　
　　　(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)

　　小竅門：　當(dāng)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)+一段時(shí)間，這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，我們用下面的公式轉(zhuǎn)化，很容易就能排除非延續(xù)動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)中的誤使。
　　1)　(對(duì)) Tom has studied Russian for three years.
　　　 = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
　　2)　(錯(cuò)) Harry has got married for six years.
　　　 = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
　　顯然，第二句不對(duì)，它應(yīng)改為 Harry got married six years ago.　或 Harry has been married for six years.