2022年12月23日 VOA慢速英語(yǔ)：印度城市擴(kuò)大面部識(shí)別技術(shù)打擊犯罪

 

Officials in the Indian city of Hyderabad say police there depend on facial recognition technology to fight crime.
印度海得拉巴市的官員說(shuō)，那里的警察依靠面部識(shí)別技術(shù)來(lái)打擊犯罪。
 
Hyderabad is the capital of India's south-central state of Telangana. In 2013, Islamic terrorists exploded bombs at a market there, killing 19 people and wounding more than 100 others.
海得拉巴是印度中南部特倫甘納邦的首府。2013年，伊斯蘭恐怖分子在那里的一個(gè)市場(chǎng)引爆炸彈，造成19人死亡，100多人受傷。
 
The city hurried to establish a network of surveillance cameras. Today, more than 700,000 cameras are active on the streets.
該市迅速建立了監(jiān)控?cái)z像頭網(wǎng)絡(luò)。今天，超過(guò) 700,000 個(gè)攝像頭活躍在街道上。
 
The center for Hyderabad's facial recognition operations is the newly built Command and Control Center. Workers at the center have the ability to continuously examine data collected by cameras and cell phone transmitters.
海德拉巴面部識(shí)別操作的中心是新建的指揮和控制中心。該中心的工作人員能夠持續(xù)檢查照相機(jī)和手機(jī)發(fā)射器收集的數(shù)據(jù)。
 
The system can pull up images from any available camera across the city. It then uses artificial intelligence (AI) methods to try to identify known criminals in the area.
該系統(tǒng)可以從全市任何可用的攝像機(jī)中提取圖像。然后，它使用人工智能(AI) 方法來(lái)嘗試識(shí)別該地區(qū)已知的罪犯。
 
Police Commissioner C.V. Anand told The Associated Press the new command center, opened in August, seeks to connect technologies across different government departments. The director general of the Telangana State Police, Mahender Reddy, said the operation cost $75 million to complete.
警察局長(zhǎng) CV Anand 告訴美聯(lián)社，新的指揮中心于 8 月開(kāi)放，旨在連接不同政府部門的技術(shù)。特倫甘納邦警察局局長(zhǎng)馬亨德雷迪表示，這項(xiàng)行動(dòng)耗資 7500 萬(wàn)美元才能完成。
 
The use of facial recognition and AI have been increasing in India in recent years. Police have used both technologies to watch large gatherings in an effort to identify criminals.
近年來(lái)，印度人臉識(shí)別和人工智能的使用一直在增加。警方已使用這兩種技術(shù)來(lái)監(jiān)視大型集會(huì)，以努力識(shí)別罪犯。
 
 
In addition to using the technologies to fight serious crimes, officials in Hyderabad have also approved their use for issuing traffic violations and enforcing COVID-19 rules.
除了使用這些技術(shù)打擊嚴(yán)重犯罪外，海得拉巴的官員還批準(zhǔn)將其用于發(fā)布交通違規(guī)行為和執(zhí)行 COVID-19 規(guī)則。
 
Police officers in the city are equipped with an app that permits them to pull up collected facial images as they work in the field. The app also connects nearly all police officers in the city to a series of government and emergency services.
該市的警察配備了一款應(yīng)用程序，允許他們?cè)诂F(xiàn)場(chǎng)工作時(shí)提取收集到的面部圖像。該應(yīng)用程序還將該市幾乎所有警察與一系列政府和緊急服務(wù)聯(lián)系起來(lái)。
 
Critics of the system say it can result in mistaken identities and violate the privacy of citizens. Anand said photos of traffic violators and pandemic restrictions violators are kept temporarily unless needed for use in court. Then, the images are supposed to be destroyed. He expressed surprise that any citizen would object to the system.
該系統(tǒng)的批評(píng)者說(shuō)，它可能導(dǎo)致身份錯(cuò)誤并侵犯公民的隱私。阿南德說(shuō)，除非需要在法庭上使用，否則交通違規(guī)者和大流行限制違規(guī)者的照片將被暫時(shí)保留。然后，圖像應(yīng)該被銷毀。他對(duì)任何公民都會(huì)反對(duì)該制度表示驚訝。
 
"If we need to control crime, we need to have surveillance," Anand said.
“如果我們需要控制犯罪，我們就需要進(jìn)行監(jiān)視，”阿南德說(shuō)。
 
Critics raised concerns about the technology in January after a Hyderabad official gave a demonstration of how it was designed to work. The official put an image of a female reporter's face into the system. Within seconds, the tool returned five possible criminal matches from the state's records. Three of the possible matches were men.
在海得拉巴的一位官員演示了這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的設(shè)計(jì)工作原理后，批評(píng)者在 1 月份對(duì)該技術(shù)提出了擔(dān)憂。官方將一張女記者的頭像輸入系統(tǒng)。在幾秒鐘內(nèi)，該工具從該州的記錄中返回了五個(gè)可能的犯罪匹配項(xiàng)。三場(chǎng)可能的比賽是男性。
 
Hyderabad has spent hundreds of millions of dollars on police vehicles, surveillance cameras, facial recognition tools and other crime-fighting technologies. Anand says the investment has helped the state bring in more private and foreign investment. This includes a development center completed by Apple in 2016 and a major Microsoft data center announced in March.
海得拉巴在警車、監(jiān)控?cái)z像頭、面部識(shí)別工具和其他打擊犯罪技術(shù)方面花費(fèi)了數(shù)億美元。阿南德說(shuō)，這項(xiàng)投資幫助該州吸引了更多的私人和外國(guó)投資。這包括 Apple 于 2016 年完成的開(kāi)發(fā)中心和 3 月宣布的主要 Microsoft 數(shù)據(jù)中心。
 
 
"When these companies decide to invest in a city, they first look at the law-and-order situation," Anand said.
“當(dāng)這些公司決定在一個(gè)城市投資時(shí)，他們首先會(huì)看治安情況，”阿南德說(shuō)。
 
He credited such technologies for drops in crime across the state. Muggings to steal jewelry, for example, fell from 1,033 incidents a year to fewer than 50 a year after cameras and other technologies were deployed, Anand said.
他將全州犯罪率下降歸功于此類技術(shù)。例如，在部署了攝像頭和其他技術(shù)后，盜竊珠寶的搶劫事件從每年 1,033 起下降到不到 50 起，阿南德說(shuō)。
 
India's National Crime Records Bureau is also seeking to build what could be among the world's largest facial recognition systems. The plans are in line with the administration of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who has pushed for increased information technology development across the national government.
印度國(guó)家犯罪記錄局也在尋求建立世界上最大的面部識(shí)別系統(tǒng)。這些計(jì)劃與印度總理納倫德拉·莫迪 (Narendra Modi) 的政府保持一致，莫迪一直在推動(dòng)整個(gè)國(guó)家政府加強(qiáng)信息技術(shù)的發(fā)展。
 
The government has called for smart policing methods using drones, AI-powered surveillance cameras and facial recognition. The technologies have received wide support across political parties and have already begun to expand to states across India, said Apar Gupta. He is head of the New Delhi-based Internet Freedom Foundation.
政府呼吁采用無(wú)人機(jī)、人工智能監(jiān)控?cái)z像頭和面部識(shí)別的智能警務(wù)方法。Apar Gupta 說(shuō)，這些技術(shù)得到了各政黨的廣泛支持，并且已經(jīng)開(kāi)始擴(kuò)展到印度各邦。他是位于新德里的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)自由基金會(huì)的負(fù)責(zé)人。
 
"There is a lot of social and civic support for it too – people don't always fully understand," Gupta said. "They see technology and think this is the answer."
“它也有很多社會(huì)和公民支持——人們并不總是完全理解，”古普塔說(shuō)。“他們看到技術(shù)并認(rèn)為這就是答案。”