2022年12月11日 VOA慢速英語(yǔ)：科技巨頭與社區(qū)學(xué)院在教育方面的合作

 

Neethi Anand Gangidi came from India to the United States to study chemical engineering. But when the Covid-19 pandemic created difficulties for her doctoral studies, she changed direction by studying artificial intelligence, or AI, at Houston Community College (HCC) in Texas.
Neethi Anand Gangidi 從印度來(lái)到美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)化學(xué)工程。但是，當(dāng) Covid-19 大流行給她的博士研究帶來(lái)困難時(shí)，她改變了方向，在德克薩斯州休斯頓社區(qū)學(xué)院 (HCC) 學(xué)習(xí)人工智能 (AI)。
 
At HCC, Gangidi and a team of students worked on a difficult problem: finding ways to help keep people safe in dangerous situations, such as school shootings. Their solution used AI to develop an autonomous vehicle to enter areas that are too dangerous for people. Gangidi's team won a national innovation award for their project at Intel's Global Impact Festival in San Jose, California, this year.
在 HCC，Gangidi 和一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的學(xué)生解決了一個(gè)難題：尋找方法來(lái)幫助人們?cè)谖ｋU(xiǎn)情況下（例如學(xué)校槍擊事件）保持安全。他們的解決方案使用 AI 來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)自動(dòng)駕駛汽車，以進(jìn)入對(duì)人類來(lái)說(shuō)過(guò)于危險(xiǎn)的區(qū)域。今年，Gangidi 的團(tuán)隊(duì)在加利福尼亞州圣何塞舉行的英特爾全球影響力節(jié)上的項(xiàng)目獲得了國(guó)家創(chuàng)新獎(jiǎng)。
 
Gangidi is one of thousands of students involved in partnerships between large technology companies and community colleges in the U.S. Companies such as Dell Technologies, Intel, Google, and Amazon have developed special training programs for students. Some areas of study include artificial intelligence, data science, and user experience design.
甘吉迪是參與美國(guó)大型科技公司與社區(qū)學(xué)院合作的數(shù)千名學(xué)生之一。戴爾科技、英特爾、谷歌和亞馬遜等公司都為學(xué)生制定了專門的培訓(xùn)計(jì)劃。一些研究領(lǐng)域包括人工智能、數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)和用戶體驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)。
 
Community colleges offer two-year associate degrees in many technical and liberal arts subjects.
社區(qū)學(xué)院提供許多技術(shù)和文科學(xué)科的兩年制副學(xué)士學(xué)位。
 
The American Association of Community Colleges, or AACC, says there are 1,043 community colleges in the U.S. In the last 10 years, an average of more than 80,000 international students have attended community colleges yearly in the U.S.
美國(guó)社區(qū)學(xué)院協(xié)會(huì) (AACC) 表示，美國(guó)有 1,043 所社區(qū)學(xué)院。在過(guò)去 10 年中，平均每年有超過(guò) 80,000 名國(guó)際學(xué)生在美國(guó)就讀社區(qū)學(xué)院
 
The increase in AI
人工智能
 
The use of AI, also called machine learning, is growing. AI helps computer systems do things which in the past only human beings could do, such as identify faces.
人工智能（也稱為機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)）的使用正在增長(zhǎng)。人工智能幫助計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)完成過(guò)去只有人類才能做的事情，例如識(shí)別人臉。
 
AI is commonly used in work which uses lots of data, such as banking, supplying materials and products, and healthcare. But now other areas, such as natural language processing, also use the technology. AI is even used in artistic work such as music composition.
人工智能通常用于需要大量數(shù)據(jù)的工作，例如銀行業(yè)務(wù)、供應(yīng)材料和產(chǎn)品、和醫(yī)療保健。但現(xiàn)在其他領(lǐng)域，例如自然語(yǔ)言處理，也在使用這項(xiàng)技術(shù)。 AI 甚至用于音樂(lè)創(chuàng)作等藝術(shù)作品。
 
A 2021 study found that 43 percent of businesses reported increased use of AI in the last year. However, 39 percent of leaders at those companies said lack of workers with AI training was a barrier to using the technology.
一項(xiàng) 2021 年的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，43% 的企業(yè)表示在去年增加了對(duì) AI 的使用。然而，這些公司中 39% 的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者表示，缺乏接受過(guò) AI 培訓(xùn)的員工是使用該技術(shù)的障礙。
 
Intel's AI for Workforce Program
英特爾的勞動(dòng)力人工智能計(jì)劃
 
In early 2020, Intel began its AI for Workforce program, which has now partnered with 74 community colleges in 32 states. Intel provides content for AI classes, AI lab design and technology, training for teachers, and practical applications for areas such as computer vision.
2020 年初，英特爾啟動(dòng)了勞動(dòng)力人工智能計(jì)劃，該計(jì)劃現(xiàn)已與 32 個(gè)州的 74 所社區(qū)大學(xué)建立了合作伙伴關(guān)系。英特爾提供人工智能課程、人工智能實(shí)驗(yàn)室設(shè)計(jì)和技術(shù)、教師培訓(xùn)以及計(jì)算機(jī)視覺(jué)等領(lǐng)域的實(shí)際應(yīng)用內(nèi)容。
 
The company hopes to have partnerships in all 50 states by the end of 2023.
該公司希望到 2023 年底在所有 50 個(gè)州建立合作伙伴關(guān)系.
 
Dell Technologies has partnered with Intel to help pay for the Artificial Intelligence Incubator Network. The Network has given $40,000 grants to 10 community colleges to help build AI laboratories. The Network also supports virtual AI training and organizes monthly meetings between Dell, Intel, and community colleges to help improve AI education.
戴爾科技與英特爾合作，幫助支付人工智能孵化器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的費(fèi)用。該網(wǎng)絡(luò)已向 10 所社區(qū)學(xué)院提供了 40,000 美元的贈(zèng)款，以幫助建立人工智能實(shí)驗(yàn)室。該網(wǎng)絡(luò)還支持虛擬人工智能培訓(xùn)，并每月組織戴爾、英特爾和社區(qū)學(xué)院之間的會(huì)議，以幫助改進(jìn)人工智能教育。
 
Adrienne Garber is a Senior Strategist for Higher Education at Dell Technologies. She told VOA Learning English that the AI for Workforce program gives students practical training.
Adrienne Garber 是 Dell Technologies 的高等教育高級(jí)策略師。她告訴美國(guó)之音慢速英語(yǔ)，AI for Workforce 計(jì)劃為學(xué)生提供實(shí)踐培訓(xùn)。
 
"The AI for Workforce curriculum is anchored in portfolio projects, real-world authentic learning experiences, real data sets, and problems that are contributed by a community of practice."
“AI for Workforce 課程以組合項(xiàng)目、真實(shí)世界的真實(shí)學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、真實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)集和問(wèn)題為基礎(chǔ)由實(shí)踐社區(qū)貢獻(xiàn)。”
 
Carlos Contreras is the director of Intel's AI for Workforce program. He noted that the program includes training in ethics, making it different from other kinds of technology training. The AI training asks students to think about when it is right or wrong to use machine learning and how people should use it.
Carlos Contreras 是英特爾 AI for Workforce 項(xiàng)目的主管。他指出，該計(jì)劃包括道德培訓(xùn)，使其不同于其他類型的技術(shù)培訓(xùn)。人工智能培訓(xùn)要求學(xué)生思考什么時(shí)候使用機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)是對(duì)還是錯(cuò)，以及人們應(yīng)該如何使用它。
 
He also noted that students can begin AI training without knowing how to write computer code. He said, "This is a trend that we're seeing more and more around this technology. So, the entry point to get into AI is lower than if you want to get into, let's say, cyber-security."
他還指出，學(xué)生可以在不知道如何編寫計(jì)算機(jī)代碼的情況下開(kāi)始人工智能培訓(xùn)。他說(shuō)，“這是一種趨勢(shì)，我們?cè)絹?lái)越多地看到這項(xiàng)技術(shù)。因此，進(jìn)入 AI 的切入點(diǎn)比你想進(jìn)入的切入點(diǎn)要低，比方說(shuō)，網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全。”
 
While students do not need to learn how to create AI software, the training helps them use it in useful ways. For example, in Arizona, a team of three students at Maricopa Community College developed an AI model to help identify seizures in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy is a disease that affects the central nervous system.
雖然學(xué)生不需要學(xué)習(xí)如何創(chuàng)建 AI 軟件，但培訓(xùn)會(huì)幫助他們以有用的方式使用它。例如，在亞利桑那州，馬里科帕社區(qū)學(xué)院的一個(gè)由三名學(xué)生組成的團(tuán)隊(duì)開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)人工智能模型來(lái)幫助識(shí)別癲癇患者的癲癇發(fā)作。癲癇是一種影響中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的疾病。
 
Contreras explained that students need to know how to define the problem they are working on, identify and classify the data sets they need to put into the AI computer models, and then run the models.
Contreras 解釋說(shuō)，學(xué)生需要知道如何定義他們正在處理的問(wèn)題，識(shí)別和分類他們需要輸入人工智能計(jì)算機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)集模型，然后運(yùn)行
 
"And then all the sudden, I have a trained model, or my process, for the problem I'm trying to solve."
“然后突然間，我有了一個(gè)經(jīng)過(guò)訓(xùn)練的模型，或者說(shuō)我的流程，可以解決我要解決的問(wèn)題。”
 
Garber, of Dell Technologies, noted that each community college can choose how it wants to use the AI for Workforce program. Instead of having one curriculum for all colleges, the program can be changed to serve the needs of each community.
戴爾科技公司的加伯指出，每個(gè)社區(qū)學(xué)院都可以選擇如何解決它想使用 AI for Workforce 程序?？梢愿脑撚?jì)劃以滿足每個(gè)社區(qū)的需求，而不是為所有大學(xué)設(shè)置一個(gè)課程。
 
"They're figuring out where in their academic pathways does this content fit. So, it might be a certificate program, it might be an associate's degree — in some cases it's a full bachelor's degree…And it is a very responsive learning content package."
“他們正在弄清楚這些內(nèi)容在他們的學(xué)術(shù)路徑中的哪個(gè)位置適合。所以，它可能是一個(gè)證書課程，它可能是一個(gè)副學(xué)士學(xué)位——在某些情況下它是一個(gè)完整的學(xué)士學(xué)位……而且它是一個(gè)非常敏感的學(xué)習(xí)內(nèi)容包。”
 
Gangidi's path of study
Gangidi的求學(xué)之路
 
Neethi Anand Gangidi explained to VOA Learning English some of the details of AI training at Houston Community College. Students first learn to analyze and organize information. Python is the software commonly used and is a starting point for classes in basic data science.
Neethi Anand Gangidi向美國(guó)之音慢速英語(yǔ)講解了休斯敦社區(qū)學(xué)院AI培訓(xùn)的一些細(xì)節(jié)。學(xué)生首先學(xué)會(huì)分析和組織信息。 Python 是常用的軟件，是基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)科學(xué)課程的起點(diǎn)。
 
"And it is very easy for any individual from any country to learn about this. You have lots of videos on that…Just install it; download it. That's all you need. You need access. Start exploring."
“任何國(guó)家的任何人都可以很容易地了解它。你有很多關(guān)于它的視頻...只需安裝它；下載它。這就是您所需要的。您需要訪問(wèn)權(quán)限。開(kāi)始探索。”
 
Gangidi said knowledge of statistics is helpful for working with data, but that students usually do not need high level mathematics such as calculus.
Gangidi 說(shuō)統(tǒng)計(jì)知識(shí)有助于處理數(shù)據(jù)，但學(xué)生通常不需要高水平數(shù)學(xué)，例如微積分。
 
For the class, Introduction to Machine Learning, Gangidi learned how to build models to deal with a larger amount of data. She said tools from Amazon Web Services, Nvidia, and software such as Jupyter Notebook help students work with data faster and at a higher level.
在“機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)簡(jiǎn)介”課程中，Gangidi 學(xué)習(xí)了如何構(gòu)建模型來(lái)處理大量數(shù)據(jù)。她說(shuō)來(lái)自 Amazon Web Services、Nvidia 的工具以及 Jupyter Notebook 等軟件可以幫助學(xué)生更快、更高水平地處理數(shù)據(jù)。
 
HCC gave her a real data project to work on to help her use the AI training. Gangidi said that working on a real project helps students gain experience, which employers value.
HCC 給了她一個(gè)真正的數(shù)據(jù)項(xiàng)目來(lái)幫助她使用人工智能訓(xùn)練。 Gangidi 說(shuō)，在真實(shí)的項(xiàng)目中工作可以幫助學(xué)生獲得經(jīng)驗(yàn)，這是雇主??看重的。
 
Advice for students
給學(xué)生的建議
 
Gangidi says students should put their effort into their passion, or strong interests, rather than being concerned about the name of the university they choose to attend in the U.S.
Gangidi 說(shuō)學(xué)生應(yīng)該把精力放在他們的熱情或濃厚的興趣上，而不是擔(dān)心他們選擇在美國(guó)就讀的大學(xué)的名字
 
"It doesn't matter if you're from Stanford, or Harvard, or community college. It all depends upon each individual."
“如果你是來(lái)自斯坦福、哈佛或社區(qū)學(xué)院。這完全取決于每個(gè)人。”
 
She was interested in HCC because it gave her the opportunity to work in teams on real problems, use innovation, and gain leadership experience.
她對(duì) HCC 很感興趣，因?yàn)樗屗袡C(jī)會(huì)在團(tuán)隊(duì)中解決實(shí)際問(wèn)題、運(yùn)用創(chuàng)新并獲得收益領(lǐng)導(dǎo)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
 
She added that community colleges cost less to attend than four-year universities. In Texas, international students can also qualify for in-state tuition, the amount that someone living in the state pays to attend. This, along with scholarships, reduced her tuition costs from about $12,000 per semester to about $2,000 per semester.
她補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，社區(qū)學(xué)院的入讀費(fèi)用低于四年制大學(xué)。在得克薩斯州，國(guó)際學(xué)生也有資格獲得州內(nèi)學(xué)費(fèi)，這是居住在該州的人支付的學(xué)費(fèi)。這與獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金一起，將她的學(xué)費(fèi)從每學(xué)期約 12,000 美元減少到每學(xué)期約 2,000 美元。
 
In addition to Neethi Anand's team, another team of students at HCC won a global award at this year's Global Impact Festival. The team used AI to develop an autonomous drone to enter dangerous places.
除了 Neethi Anand 的團(tuán)隊(duì)，HCC 的另一組學(xué)生在今年的全球影響力節(jié)上獲得了全球獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。該團(tuán)隊(duì)使用 AI 開(kāi)發(fā)了一種自主無(wú)人機(jī)，可以進(jìn)入危險(xiǎn)場(chǎng)所。
 
Gangidi thinks there are many job opportunities for people who learn to work with data. She said, "If you know how to handle data, and if you have a passion…anything in AI, how to handle, analyze these data, and make a good story of the data—that's easy, you can land up in an AI job in any big company over there."
Gangidi 認(rèn)為，學(xué)習(xí)使用數(shù)據(jù)的人有很多工作機(jī)會(huì)。她說(shuō)，“如果你知道如何處理數(shù)據(jù)，如果你有熱情……人工智能中的任何東西，如何處理、分析這些數(shù)據(jù)，并為數(shù)據(jù)創(chuàng)造一個(gè)好的故事——這很容易，你可以進(jìn)入人工智能領(lǐng)域在那邊的任何一家大公司工作。”