2022年12月04日 VOA慢速英語：亞馬遜森林砍伐率去年有所放緩

 

The deforestation rate in the Brazilian Amazon dropped slightly last year, new satellite data shows.
最新衛(wèi)星數(shù)據(jù)顯示，去年巴西亞馬遜森林砍伐率略有下降。
 
The data found the rainforest lost an area covering over 11,000 square kilometers in the period from August 2021 to July 2022.
數(shù)據(jù)顯示，熱帶雨林面積減少超過2021年8月至2022年7月期間11000平方公里。
 
That was down 11 percent from the previous year when more than 13,000 square kilometers were destroyed.
這比前一年下降了 11%，當(dāng)時(shí)有 13,000 多平方公里被毀。
 
The data was recently released by Brazil's National Institute for Space Research. The agency is part of the country's Ministry of Science. The institute uses a monitoring system that collects satellite images of the rainforest to measure deforestation rates.
該數(shù)據(jù)最近由巴西國家空間研究所發(fā)布。該機(jī)構(gòu)隸屬于該國科學(xué)部。該研究所使用收集熱帶雨林衛(wèi)星圖像的監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)來測量森林砍伐率。
 
For a period of more than 10 years, improvements were seen in the Brazilian Amazon. Deforestation rates dropped and stayed below 10,000 square kilometers a year. But that changed in January 2019, when far-right President Jair Bolsonaro took office.
在 10 多年的時(shí)間里，巴西亞馬遜地區(qū)出現(xiàn)了改善。森林砍伐率下降并保持在每年 10,000 平方公里以下。但這種情況在 2019 年 1 月發(fā)生了變化，當(dāng)時(shí)極右翼總統(tǒng)雅伊爾·博索納羅 (Jair Bolsonaro) 上任。
 
Researchers and environmentalists have blamed Bolsonaro's policies for causing sharp increases in deforestation rates. Bolsonaro is set to leave office on January 1, after recently losing reelection to former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
研究人員和環(huán)保主義者指責(zé)博索納羅的政策導(dǎo)致森林砍伐率急劇上升。博爾索納羅 (Bolsonaro) 將于 1 月 1 日卸任，此前他在前總統(tǒng)路易斯·伊納西奧·盧拉·達(dá)席爾瓦 (Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva) 的連任選舉中失利。 2022年8月至10月的重要時(shí)期。
 
Part of the destruction that took place under Bolsonaro will not appear until next year's report, including the important period from August to October 2022.
博爾索納羅領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下發(fā)生的部分破壞要到明年的報(bào)告才會出現(xiàn)，包括 2022 年 8 月至 10 月這一重要時(shí)期。
 
A different federal satellite monitoring system shows deforestation rose 45 percent during the August to October period. But while that system provides faster results, it is not as accurate as the other methods, The Associated Press reports.
不同的聯(lián)邦衛(wèi)星監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)顯示，8 月至 2022 年期間森林砍伐增加了 45%十月期間。據(jù)美聯(lián)社報(bào)道，雖然該系統(tǒng)提供的結(jié)果更快，但不如其他方法準(zhǔn)確。
 
Traditionally, the August to October period sees higher rates of deforestation because it is during the dry season.
傳統(tǒng)上，8 月至 10 月期間森林砍伐率較高，因?yàn)檎岛导?
 
An examination of new data was also completed by the Climate Observatory, a collection of environmental groups. It showed that during the four years of Bolsonaro's leadership, deforestation rose 60 percent over the previous four years. That is the largest percentage rise under a president since satellite monitoring began in 1998.
由環(huán)境團(tuán)體組成的氣候觀測站也完成了對新數(shù)據(jù)的檢查。它表明，在博爾索納羅領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的四年里，森林砍伐比前四年增加了 60%。這是自 1998 年衛(wèi)星監(jiān)測開始以來總統(tǒng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下的最大百分比增長。
 
In one state, Para, deforestation dropped 21 percent. But it still represented one-third of all Brazil's Amazon forest loss. Part of the tree cutting and burning happens in areas that are supposed to be protected. One such area is Paru State Forest, where the nonprofit Amazon Institute of People and the Environment registered 2 square kilometers of deforestation in October alone.
在帕拉州，森林砍伐減少了 21%。但它仍然占巴西亞馬遜森林損失總量的三分之一。部分樹木砍伐和焚燒發(fā)生在本應(yīng)受到保護(hù)的地區(qū)。其中一個(gè)區(qū)域是帕魯州立森林，非營利性亞馬遜人與環(huán)境研究所僅在 10 月份就記錄了 2 平方公里的森林砍伐。
 
"In recent years, deforestation has reached protected areas where previously there was almost no destruction," said Jakeline Pereira, a researcher with the Amazon Institute. Pereira told the AP, "In Paru's region, the destruction is driven by lease of land for soybean crops and cattle."
“近年來，森林砍伐已經(jīng)蔓延到以前幾乎沒有破壞的保護(hù)區(qū)，”亞馬遜研究所的研究員杰克琳佩雷拉說。佩雷拉告訴美聯(lián)社，“在帕魯?shù)貐^(qū)，破壞是由租用大豆作物和牛的土地造成的。”
 
Brazilian President-elect da Silva recently promised cheering crowds at the U.N. climate conference in Egypt to end all deforestation across the whole country by 2030. "There will be no climate security if the Amazon isn't protected," he said.
Brazilian President-elect da Silva recently promised cheering crowds at the U.N. climate conference in Egypt to end到 2030 年全國的所有森林砍伐。“如果亞馬遜不受保護(hù)，就不會有氣候安全，”他說。
 
The last time da Silva was president, from 2003 to 2010, deforestation fell sharply. On the other hand, he backed measures that set in motion destruction in the long run. These included his support for the huge Belo Monte hydroelectric dam project and providing large loans to the beef industry. Cutting down forest to create feeding areas for cattle is a main driver of deforestation.
上一次達(dá)席爾瓦擔(dān)任總統(tǒng)是在 2003 年至 2010 年期間，森林砍伐急劇下降。另一方面，他支持從長遠(yuǎn)來看會引發(fā)破壞的措施。其中包括他對巨大的貝洛蒙特水電站大壩項(xiàng)目的支持，以及向牛肉行業(yè)提供大筆貸款。砍伐森林為牛群開辟飼養(yǎng)區(qū)是森林砍伐的主要原因。
 
The Amazon rainforest covers an area twice the size of India. It acts as a buffer against climate change by taking in large amounts of carbon dioxide. It is also the most biodiverse forest in the world, and the home of tribes that have lived in the area for thousands of years.
亞馬遜雨林的面積是印度的兩倍。它通過吸收大量二氧化碳作為應(yīng)對氣候變化的緩沖器。它也是世界上生物多樣性最豐富的森林，也是在該地區(qū)生活了數(shù)千年的部落的家園。