2022年10月30日 VOA慢速英語(yǔ)：美國(guó)小型大學(xué)使用課程共享來(lái)添加新課程

 

Dylan Smith is in his second year at Adrian College, a small liberal arts school with about 1,600 students in the state of Michigan.
迪倫·史密斯 (Dylan Smith) 在阿德里安學(xué)院 (Adrian College) 上二年級(jí)，這是一所位于密歇根州的小型文科學(xué)校，約有 1,600 名學(xué)生。
 
When Smith was looking at colleges, he liked the small college environment at Adrian. And the school wanted him to join its football and wrestling teams. But Smith did not think a liberal arts education would help him get a job, so he planned to study supply-chain management at Michigan State University, which has nearly 50,000 students. Supply-chain management is a field of study on how to handle the flow of goods and services from raw materials to businesses.
當(dāng)史密斯在看大學(xué)時(shí)，他喜歡阿德里安的小型大學(xué)環(huán)境。學(xué)校希望他加入足球和摔跤隊(duì)。但史密斯認(rèn)為文科教育不會(huì)幫助他找到工作，因此他計(jì)劃在擁有近 50,000 名學(xué)生的密歇根州立大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)供應(yīng)鏈管理。供應(yīng)鏈管理是一個(gè)研究如何處理從原材料到企業(yè)的商品和服務(wù)流動(dòng)的領(lǐng)域。
 
But then Adrian College added supply-chain management to its offerings. That made him change his mind and attend Adrian.
但隨后阿德里安學(xué)院在其課程中增加了供應(yīng)鏈管理。這使他改變了主意并參加了阿德里安。
 
"I couldn't say no to getting the degree I wanted from a smaller school instead of at a big university where you're looking at 200 students in a class," said Smith.
史密斯說(shuō)：“我不能拒絕從一所規(guī)模較小的學(xué)校而不是在一個(gè)班級(jí)有 200 名學(xué)生的大型大學(xué)獲得我想要的學(xué)位。”
 
Course sharing
課程分享
 
An increasing number of mostly small, liberal arts colleges in the United States are drawing students like Smith by sharing courses online with large universities.
美國(guó)越來(lái)越多的小型文理學(xué)院通過(guò)與大型大學(xué)在線共享課程來(lái)吸引像史密斯這樣的學(xué)生。
 
The move is a way for small colleges to deal with decreasing numbers of students going to college. In the past ten years, 81 small, private colleges have closed in the U.S. And nearly two-thirds of high school seniors now say a college degree is not worth the cost. The information comes from a New America and Third Way study.
此舉是小型大學(xué)應(yīng)對(duì)上大學(xué)人數(shù)減少的一種方式。過(guò)去十年，美國(guó)關(guān)閉了 81 所小型私立大學(xué)，近三分之二的高中生表示， 大學(xué)學(xué)位不值得付出代價(jià)。該信息來(lái)自新美國(guó)和第三路研究。
 
 
Rick Ostrander is an assistant to the president at Westmont College in southern California. He said, "Course sharing lets us maintain what we are, which is small and residential, but compete on selection and price."
Rick Ostrander 是南加州韋斯特蒙特學(xué)院的校長(zhǎng)助理。他說(shuō)，“課程共享讓我們保持了我們的本來(lái)面目，即小型和住宅，但在選擇和價(jià)格上競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。”
 
"Hundreds of schools are going to go out of business if we don't figure this out," said Jeffrey Docking, the president of Adrian College. The school has used course sharing to add 17 fields of study in just the last two years, including computer science, web design, cybersecurity and public health.
“如果我們不解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，數(shù)百所學(xué)校將會(huì)倒閉，”阿德里安學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)杰弗里·多克說(shuō)。僅在過(guò)去兩年中，學(xué)校就使用課程共享增加了 17 個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域，包括計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)、網(wǎng)頁(yè)設(shè)計(jì)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全和公共衛(wèi)生。
 
Parminder Jassal is head of Unmudl which is developing technology to make it easier for colleges to share courses. She said, "We've been sharing through Airbnb. We're sharing cars. We're sharing everything. Higher education is probably the last place the idea of sharing is finally hitting."
Parminder Jassal 是 Unmudl 的負(fù)責(zé)人，該公司正在開發(fā)技術(shù)以使大學(xué)更容易共享課程。她說(shuō)，“我們一直在通過(guò) Airbnb 共享。我們共享汽車。我們共享一切。高等教育可能是共享的想法最終出現(xiàn)的最后一個(gè)地方。”
 
More programs, less cost
更多的程序，更少的成本
 
Some employers say liberal arts study develops important skills for the workplace, such as the ability to write well and solve problems. But students and their parents worry that a liberal arts education will not be enough to get the kind of jobs they want.
一些雇主表示，文科學(xué)習(xí)可以培養(yǎng)工作場(chǎng)所的重要技能，例如寫作和解決問(wèn)題的能力。但學(xué)生和他們的父母擔(dān)心，文科教育不足以獲得他們想要的那種工作。
 
Getting a good job was the most important reason students gave for going to college, a study by the University of California at Los Angeles' Higher Education Research Institute showed.
加州大學(xué)洛杉磯分校高等教育研究所的一項(xiàng)研究表明，找到一份好工作是學(xué)生上大學(xué)的最重要原因。
 
A 2021 study by the Federal Reserve found that half of the students who earned bachelor's degrees in liberal arts said they would now choose a different field of study.
美聯(lián)儲(chǔ)2021 年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，獲得文科學(xué)士學(xué)位的學(xué)生中有一半表示他們現(xiàn)在會(huì)選擇不同的學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域。
 
Through course sharing, small liberal arts colleges can quickly add the technical programs that students want at less cost. Some community colleges and historically Black colleges and universities are also choosing to use course sharing.
通過(guò)課程共享，小型文理學(xué)院可以以更低的成本快速添加學(xué)生想要的技術(shù)課程。一些社區(qū)學(xué)院和歷史上的黑人學(xué)院和大學(xué)也選擇使用課程共享。
 
Adrian College says new programs that it has added through course sharing brought 100 additional students over the last two years. That is equal to more than $8 million in the total cost over four years of those students' education.
Adrian College 表示，通過(guò)課程共享增加的新課程在過(guò)去兩年中增加了 100 名學(xué)生。這相當(dāng)于這些學(xué)生四年教育的總成本超過(guò) 800 萬(wàn)美元。
 
It is also less expensive for a college to pay for course sharing than to hire new professors. For many colleges, developing new programs themselves takes too long and costs too much. The firm EAB estimated that it costs as much as $2.2 million to develop a new study program.
與聘請(qǐng)新教授相比，大學(xué)支付課程共享費(fèi)用也更便宜。對(duì)于許多大學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)，開發(fā)新項(xiàng)目本身需要的時(shí)間太長(zhǎng)，成本也太高。EAB公司估計(jì)，開發(fā)一項(xiàng)新的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃需要花費(fèi)高達(dá) 220 萬(wàn)美元。
 
"The way that higher education has always worked is, if I wanted to offer those courses to students, I would have had to go out and hire a faculty member, add those courses and see if students would take them," said Ann Fulop, a vice president at Eureka College in Illinois. The school used course sharing to add a computer science study program this year.
“高等教育一直以來(lái)的運(yùn)作方式是，如果我想為學(xué)生提供這些課程，我將不得不出去聘請(qǐng)一名教員，添加這些課程，看看學(xué)生是否愿意接受它們，”Ann Fulop 說(shuō)，伊利諾伊州尤里卡學(xué)院的副校長(zhǎng)。學(xué)校今年通過(guò)課程共享增加了計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。
 
President Docking of Adrian College said, "If we're willing to work together, and share some courses, we can offer many, many more… programs for very little cost."
Adrian College 校長(zhǎng) Docking 說(shuō)：“如果我們?cè)敢庖黄鸸ぷ?，分享一些課程，我們可以以很少的成本提供更多……更多的課程。”