VOA慢速英語：巴西非法黃金涉及大型科技公司

Brazilian police say an Italian metal refiner purchased gold from a trader that mined the metal illegally. The company, police say, purchased the gold from the Amazon rainforest area in the South American country.
巴西警方稱，一家意大利金屬精煉廠從非法開采黃金的貿(mào)易商那里購買了黃金。警方稱，該公司從南美國家亞馬遜熱帶雨林地區(qū)購買了這些黃金。
 
Public documents show that the refiner, Chimet, has supplied the metal to four of the world's largest technology companies. Tech companies Amazon, Apple, Microsoft, and Alphabet (the parent company of Google) name Chimet as a source of some gold used in their products.
資料顯示，煉金公司Chimet已向四家世界上最大的科技公司供應(yīng)這種金屬?？萍脊緛嗰R遜、蘋果、微軟和 Alphabet(谷歌的母公司)都將Chimet列為其黃金精煉供應(yīng)者之一。
 
Technology companies often use small amounts of the metal in circuit boards. Circuit boards are used in technology products like computers.
科技公司經(jīng)常在電路板中使用少量金屬。電路板用于計算機等技術(shù)產(chǎn)品。
 
The investigative news agency Reporter Brasil secured police documents that were then examined by reporters with Reuters. The documents showed Brazilian federal police have accused Chimet of buying millions of dollars of gold from company CHM do Brasil.
調(diào)查性新聞機構(gòu)巴西記者獲得了警方文件，隨后記者與路透社一起檢查了這些文件。文件顯示，巴西聯(lián)邦警察指控 Chimet 從 CHM do Brasil 公司購買了數(shù)百萬美元的黃金。
 
CHM do Brasil reportedly sourced the gold from illegal miners. Lawyers representing CHM say the company sourced its gold legally with all necessary documentation.
據(jù)報道，CHM do Brasil 從非法礦工那里采購黃金。代表 CHM 的律師表示，該公司通過所有必要的文件合法地采購了黃金。
 
Illegal mining has increased since Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro took office in 2019. Bolsanaro has supported small mining groups called wildcatters and has sought to legalize mining on lands of indigenous, or native, populations.
自巴西總統(tǒng)伊爾·博索納羅于 2019 年上任以來，非法采礦活動有所增加。博索納羅一直支持稱為 wildcatters 的小型采礦團體，并試圖推行在土著或原住民的土地上采礦合法化。
 
Unregulated mines have destroyed rainforest land in the Amazon and have polluted rivers with mercury. Miners have had violent conflicts with indigenous groups seeking to protect their land.
非法礦山破壞了亞馬遜雨林的土地，致命的汞污染河流，非法礦工與原住民部落也常發(fā)生激烈沖突。
 
Brazilian research group Instituto Escolhas estimated that the country produced 84 metric tons of illegal gold in Bolsonaro's first two years in office. That is up 23 percent from the two years before and is nearly half of Brazil's total gold output.
巴西研究機構(gòu) Instituto Escolhas 估計，在博索納羅上任的頭兩年，該國生產(chǎn)了84 公噸非法黃金。比兩年前增長 23%，幾乎占巴西黃金總產(chǎn)量的一半。
 
Larissa Rodrigues is a writer of the Escolhas report. She said, "A company that is buying gold from Brazil already knows there is a huge risk it is buying irregular gold - Amazon blood gold."
Larissa Rodrigues 是 Escolhas 報告的作者。她說，“一家從巴西購買黃金的公司已經(jīng)知道，它購買的是不規(guī)則黃金——亞馬遜血金——存在巨大風(fēng)險。”
 
A Chimet representative said the company cut off relations with CHM after learning of the reports of illegal gold trade in October 2021.
Chimet 的一位代表表示，該公司在 2021 年 10 月得知非法黃金交易的報道后，切斷了與 CHM 的關(guān)系。
 
A police document from August 2021 stated that Chimet reportedly bought $385 million worth of gold from CHM between 2015 and 2020.
2021 年 8 月的一份警方文件稱，據(jù)報道 Chimet 在 2015 年至 2020 年期間從 CHM 購買了價值 3.85 億美元的黃金。
 
A police investigation is ongoing into the possible CHM crimes.
警方正在對可能的 CHM 犯罪進行調(diào)查。
 
The four American tech companies listed Chimet among more than 100 gold refiners in their supply chains during the investigation's five-year time period. They also listed Chimet in their most recent 2021 documents.
在調(diào)查的五年期間，四家美國科技公司將 Chimet 列為其供應(yīng)鏈中的 100 多家黃金精煉商之一。在最近的 2021 年文件中也有Chimet。
 
Giovanni Prelazzi is a company representative for Chimet. He said Chimet does not have direct relationships with the four tech companies. Instead, Prelazzi said, it sells gold to banks that can resell it for different uses. He did not name the banks.
Giovanni Prelazzi 是 Chimet 的公司代表。他說 Chimet 與這四家科技公司沒有直接關(guān)系。相反，Prelazzi 說，它向銀行出售黃金，銀行可以將其轉(zhuǎn)售用于不同用途。但他沒有說出銀行的名字。
 
Apple has said that its policies ban the use of illegally mined minerals. The iPhone maker said companies that cannot follow such requirements are removed from its supply chain.
蘋果曾表示，禁止使用非法開采的礦物。這家 iPhone 制造商表示，無法遵守此類要求的公司將從其供應(yīng)鏈中移除。
 
Amazon, Alphabet, and Microsoft did not comment.
亞馬遜、Alphabet 和微軟沒有發(fā)表評論。
 
Chimet said it began working with the company Deloitte to look into its other suppliers after learning of the CHM investigation in Brazil. In April 2020, Chimet was again approved by London Bullion Market Association (LBMA) as meeting gold sourcing standards.
Chimet表示，在得知巴西的CHM調(diào)查后，它開始與德勤公司合作調(diào)查其其他供應(yīng)商。2020 年 4 月，Chimet 再次獲得倫敦金銀市場協(xié)??會 (LBMA) 的批準，符合黃金采購標準。
 
I'm Gregory Stachel.
格雷戈里·斯塔切爾報道。