2022 年卡塔爾世界杯的另一面

  Qatar's new stadiums are magnificent, but the country has repeatedly faced criticism for abusing migrant workers working on construction sites for the World Cup.
卡塔爾的新體育場(chǎng)非常壯觀，但該國(guó)多次因虐待在世界杯建筑工地工作的農(nóng)民工而受到批評(píng)。
 
Only about 1 month left until the most anticipated sporting event of this year, the final round of the World Football Championship, the 2022 World Cup will officially open in Qatar.World Cup 2022 is the second time the world football championship is held in Asia, exactly 20 years after the 2002 World Cup in Japan & Korea.Bloomberg news agency estimates the Arab nation has spent about 300 billion USD on huge infrastructure projects for the World Cup, including 7 new stadiums.expanding the international airport, building a new city serving football and a series of projects to upgrade roads, subway system ...
距離今年最受期待的體育賽事——世錦賽最后一輪，2022年世界杯將在卡塔爾正式開(kāi)幕僅剩1個(gè)月左右。2022年世界杯是世界足球錦標(biāo)賽第二次在亞洲舉辦， 2002 年日本和韓國(guó)世界杯整整 20 年后。彭博社估計(jì)，阿拉伯國(guó)家為世界杯花費(fèi)了約 3000 億美元用于大型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施項(xiàng)目，其中包括 7 個(gè)新體育場(chǎng)館。擴(kuò)建國(guó)際機(jī)場(chǎng)，建設(shè)服務(wù)新城市足球等一系列改造道路、地鐵系統(tǒng)的工程...
 
However, behind the glamor of the works that host Qatar has built, the 2022 World Cup has been criticized as one of the most controversial sports festivals in history.In February 2021, the Guardian newspaper published a series of controversial articles, which claimed that at least 6,500 workers were killed while constructing World Cup stadiums in Qatar.Even according to unconfirmed reports, this number continues to increase to more than 11,000 people.Most of the unfortunate people mentioned above are migrant workers.
然而，在主辦卡塔爾所打造的作品魅力背后，2022年世界杯卻被詬病為歷史上最具爭(zhēng)議的體育節(jié)之一。2021年2月，衛(wèi)報(bào)發(fā)表了一系列爭(zhēng)議文章，聲稱(chēng)在在卡塔爾建造世界杯體育場(chǎng)時(shí)，至少有 6,500 名工人喪生。即使根據(jù)未經(jīng)證實(shí)的報(bào)道，這個(gè)數(shù)字還在繼續(xù)增加到 11,000 多人。上面提到的大多數(shù)不幸的人是農(nóng)民工。 Workers sleep next to constructions serving the 2022 World Cup
工人們睡在為 2022 年世界杯服務(wù)的建筑旁邊
 
In more detail, the Guardian newspaper cited data from India, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka showing that there were 5,927 deaths of migrant workers in Qatar between 2011–2020.In addition, data from the Pakistani embassy in Qatar shows that an additional 824 Pakistani workers died in the same period.
更詳細(xì)地，《衛(wèi)報(bào)》援引印度、孟加拉國(guó)、尼泊爾和斯里蘭卡的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2011 年至 2020 年期間，卡塔爾有 5,927 名移民工人死亡。此外，巴基斯坦駐卡塔爾大使館的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，另有 824 名巴基斯坦工人在同一時(shí)期死亡。
Cases of worker deaths
工人死亡案例
 
The Guardian newspaper lists a series of cases where migrant workers died of unknown reasons.Mohammad Shahid Miah, 29 years old from Bangladesh, worked as a construction worker in Qatar and died of electric shock in the workers' quarters.Another worker, Ghal Singh Rai from Nepal, paid more than $1,400 to an employer to take up a cleaning position in a housing complex for World Cup construction workers.But less than a week later, he died suddenly.
《衛(wèi)報(bào)》列舉了一系列農(nóng)民工不明原因死亡的案例。Mohammad Shahid Miah，29歲，來(lái)自孟加拉國(guó)，在卡塔爾做建筑工人，在工人宿舍觸電身亡。另一名工人Ghal Singh Rai來(lái)自尼泊爾，向雇主支付了 1400 多美元，在世界杯建筑工人住宅區(qū)擔(dān)任清潔工。但不到一周后，他突然去世。 Meanwhile, in India, Madhu Bollapally's family does not understand why the 43-year-old died of "natural causes" while working in Qatar.Mr. Bollapally's body was found on the floor of the motel room.
與此同時(shí)，在印度，Madhu Bollapally 的家人不明白為什么這位 43 歲的老人在卡塔爾工作時(shí)死于“自然原因”。 Bollapally的尸體被發(fā)現(xiàn)在汽車(chē)旅館房間的地板上。
 
Among the causes of death among workers announced by Qatari authorities, "natural death" is the most listed reason.Victims who die of "natural causes" often have symptoms of heart failure or acute respiratory failure.
在卡塔爾當(dāng)局公布的工人死亡原因中，“自然死亡”是列出最多的原因。死于“自然原因”的受害者往往有心力衰竭或急性呼吸衰竭的癥狀。
 
The Guardian newspaper cited data as saying that 69% of deaths among workers in India, Nepal and Bangladesh were classified as "natural causes".Particularly for Indian workers, this figure is 80%.The article in the Guardian is concerned that the number of people killed during the preparation for the 2022 World Cup may be even greater,the reason is that the data sources do not include cases of migrant workers from the Philippines or Kenya,Countries with a relatively high number of workers flock to Qatar.In addition, the workers who died in the end of 2020 have not been counted.
《衛(wèi)報(bào)》援引數(shù)據(jù)稱(chēng)，印度、尼泊爾和孟加拉國(guó)69%的工人死亡被歸類(lèi)為“自然原因”。尤其是印度工人，這個(gè)數(shù)字是80%。《衛(wèi)報(bào)》的文章?lián)模?022年世界杯備戰(zhàn)期間遇難的人數(shù)可能更多，原因是數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源不包括來(lái)自菲律賓或肯尼亞的移民工人案件，大量工人涌向卡塔爾。此外，2020年底死亡的工人還沒(méi)有統(tǒng)計(jì)在內(nèi)。 Workers in Qatar's informal economy will be particularly at risk of exploitation during the 2022 FIFA World Cup,This is a warning issued by US Deputy Secretary of State Uzra Zeya recently.This is because these people work in the informal economy and have little access to law enforcement agencies for protection.The representative of the US State Department called on Qatar to make efforts to resolve this situation.
2022年世界杯期間，卡塔爾非正規(guī)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的工人將特別容易受到剝削，這是美國(guó)常務(wù)副國(guó)務(wù)卿烏茲拉·澤亞最近發(fā)出的警告。這是因?yàn)檫@些人在非正規(guī)經(jīng)濟(jì)中工作，幾乎沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)接觸法律執(zhí)法機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行保護(hù)。美國(guó)國(guó)務(wù)院代表呼吁卡塔爾努力解決這一局面。
 
World Cup 2022 faces a wave of boycotts
2022年世界杯面臨抵制浪潮
 
The capital of Paris, France announced that it would not broadcast the 2022 World Cup matches live on big screens at the fanzone, the area for fans to watch the matches at the World Cup.Fanzone is inherently one of the most distinctive features of the World Cup and Paris' decision was seen by fans as a strong protest move.Pierre Rabadan, Deputy Mayor of Paris, in charge of sports, confirmed that Paris will boycott the 2022 World CupThe French capital government opposes the way Qatar organizes the largest football festival on the planet both in terms of environment and social issues.
法國(guó)首都巴黎宣布不會(huì)在球迷區(qū)的大屏幕上直播 2022 年世界杯的比賽，球迷區(qū)是球迷觀看世界杯比賽的區(qū)域。球迷區(qū)本質(zhì)上是世界最鮮明的特色之一杯賽和巴黎的決定被球迷視為強(qiáng)烈的抗議舉動(dòng)。巴黎負(fù)責(zé)體育事務(wù)的副市長(zhǎng)皮埃爾·拉巴丹（Pierre Rabadan）證實(shí)，巴黎將抵制2022年世界杯，法國(guó)首都政府從環(huán)境和社會(huì)問(wèn)題兩方面都反對(duì)卡塔爾舉辦地球上最大的足球節(jié)的方式。 According to the analysis of the European press, the main reason is that Qatar has massively used migrant workers with unsafe and harsh working conditions.resulted in many deaths of workers while building stadiums and infrastructure for the World Cup.Western media also cited accusations that contractors in Qatar were slow to pay wages, or forced workers and workers to rest at the construction site without the minimum living conditions...
據(jù)歐洲媒體分析，主要原因是卡塔爾大量使用了工作條件不安全、工作條件惡劣的農(nóng)民工，導(dǎo)致在為世界杯建設(shè)場(chǎng)館和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的過(guò)程中，許多工人死亡。
 
Other French cities such as Lille, Marseille, Bordeaux, Strasbourg and Reims are also boycotting the tournament for similar reasons.Many French politicians urged their people to stay at home, not to go to Qatar to see the World Cup as an act of boycott.Many other countries such as England, Denmark ... also voiced out forms of advising people not to travel to Qatar to watch the World Cup.
其他法國(guó)城市，如里爾、馬賽、波爾多、斯特拉斯堡和蘭斯，也出于類(lèi)似的原因抵制比賽。許多法國(guó)政客敦促他們的人民待在家里，不要去卡塔爾看世界杯是一種抵制行為。許多其他國(guó)家，如英格蘭、丹麥……也提出了建議人們不要前往卡塔爾的形式看世界杯。
 
Government spokesman Olivier Véran said: "If we had taken the decision today, we would not have awarded the World Cup to Qatar.However, when that was decided 10 years ago by 100 countries, it is difficult to say stop just a few weeks before the upcoming event."
政府發(fā)言人奧利維爾·韋蘭說(shuō)：“如果我們今天做出決定，我們就不會(huì)將世界杯授予卡塔爾。然而，當(dāng) 10 年前 100 個(gè)國(guó)家做出決定時(shí)，很難說(shuō)幾周前就停止了即將舉行的活動(dòng)。”
 
Also for these reasons, the Bundesliga team Hoffenheim (Germany) has become the first club to publicly boycott the World Cup.The team from Germany announced that it will not publish any information about the tournament even if it is related to the players of the club participating.
也因?yàn)檫@些原因，德甲球隊(duì)霍芬海姆（德國(guó)）成為了第一個(gè)公開(kāi)抵制世界杯的俱樂(lè)部。來(lái)自德國(guó)的球隊(duì)宣布，即使與俱樂(lè)部球員有關(guān)，也不會(huì)公布任何有關(guān)賽事的信息。參與。
 
A statement from the Hoffenheim club said: "All violations of immigration rights and discrimination influenced the club's decision that we do not want to cover the 2022 World Cup.We believe it is unacceptable to focus on reporting only on goals and happenings on the pitch and ignore relevant factors."
霍芬海姆俱樂(lè)部的一份聲明說(shuō)：“所有侵犯移民權(quán)利和歧視的行為都影響了俱樂(lè)部決定我們不想報(bào)道 2022 年世界杯。我們認(rèn)為只專(zhuān)注于報(bào)道球場(chǎng)上的進(jìn)球和發(fā)生的事情是不可接受的。忽略相關(guān)因素。”
Former France and Manchester United star Eric Cantona has said he will not be watching any matches, adding that the World Cup makes no sense.Cantona said the labor abuse scandal was one of the reasons why he spoke like that.
前法國(guó)和曼聯(lián)球星埃里克·坎通納表示他不會(huì)觀看任何比賽，并補(bǔ)充說(shuō)世界杯毫無(wú)意義?？餐{表示，勞工虐待丑聞是他這樣說(shuō)的原因之一。 Efforts of the host country Qatar
東道國(guó)卡塔爾的努力
 
As for the host country, Qatar, the government says its labor law system is still being finalized but denies allegations made by Amnesty International that thousands of migrant workers have been exploited.At the end of 2019, Qatar announced that it was abolishing the provision that some workers must obtain permission from their employers to change jobs or leave the country.In addition, the cabinet also passed a new law related to the minimum wage and new regulations to facilitate the transition of workers to work for new employers.as well as a bill to abolish regulations on applying for exit permits.The Qatari government has temporarily set a minimum wage of 750 Riyal per month, equivalent to more than $200.
至于東道國(guó)卡塔爾，政府表示其勞動(dòng)法體系仍在最終確定中，但否認(rèn)國(guó)際特赦組織關(guān)于數(shù)千名移民工人受到剝削的指控。2019年底，卡塔爾宣布取消部分工人必須獲得雇主許可才能換工作或離開(kāi)該國(guó)的規(guī)定。此外，內(nèi)閣還通過(guò)了一項(xiàng)與最低工資相關(guān)的新法律和新規(guī)定，以促進(jìn)工人向新雇主工作的過(guò)渡。以及一項(xiàng)廢除申請(qǐng)出境許可規(guī)定的法案?？ㄋ栒畷簳r(shí)將最低工資定為每月750里亞爾，相當(dāng)于200多美元。
 
The World Cup Organizing Committee in Qatar, when asked about the deaths during the construction of the stadium system, said:"We regret these tragedies and have thoroughly investigated each case to ensure something like this does not happen again."
卡塔爾世界杯組委會(huì)在被問(wèn)及體育場(chǎng)系統(tǒng)建設(shè)過(guò)程中的死亡事件時(shí)表示：“我們對(duì)這些悲劇感到遺憾，并對(duì)每一個(gè)案例進(jìn)行了徹底調(diào)查，以確保此類(lèi)事件不再發(fā)生。”
 
A spokesman for the International Football Federation (FIFA) said it was committed to protecting the rights of workers in its projects."With very strict health and safety measures...The frequency of accidents on construction sites for the FIFA World Cup stadium is kept low compared to other major construction sites in the world," a FIFA spokesman said, without giving any evidence.
國(guó)際足聯(lián)（FIFA）的一位發(fā)言人表示，它致力于在其項(xiàng)目中保護(hù)工人的權(quán)利。“通過(guò)非常嚴(yán)格的健康和安全措施......與世界其他主要建筑工地相比，國(guó)際足聯(lián)世界杯體育場(chǎng)建筑工地發(fā)生事故的頻率保持在較低水平，”國(guó)際足聯(lián)發(fā)言人表示，但未提供任何證據(jù)。