分詞前置
We can see the rising sun. 我們可以看到東升的旭日
He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人
分詞后置 (i分詞詞組；ii 個(gè)別分詞如given, left； iii 修飾不定代詞 something等)
There was a girl sitting there. 有個(gè)女孩坐在那里
This is the question given. 這是所給的問(wèn)題
There is nothing interesting. 沒(méi)有有趣的東西
過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)
與其修飾的詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
典型例題
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
答案D. 書(shū)與寫(xiě)作是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)表被動(dòng)，相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句 which is written
2）What's the language ____ in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
答案B. 主語(yǔ)language與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間有被動(dòng)的含義。
spoken是動(dòng)詞speak的過(guò)去分詞形式，在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾主語(yǔ)language, spoken 與 language有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。該句可以理解為：
What's the language (which is) spoken in German?
