一 、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成：
只有當(dāng)分詞短語的邏輯主語和句子主語不一致時(shí)，我們才能用獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)只用做狀語，多用于書面語言。常見的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)有以下幾種：
(一) 名詞/代詞+分詞(包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)：
1 The boy ran quickly, his father following. (表示伴隨情況)
2 He lay on his back, his hands acrossed under his head. (表示伴隨情況)
(二)名詞/代詞+形容詞：
1、They started home, their minds full of plans for increasing production. (表示伴隨情況)
2、 He was silent for a moment, his lips tight. (表示伴隨情況)
(三)名詞/代詞+副詞：
1、 He put on his socks, wrong side out. (表示補(bǔ)充說明)
2 、The war over, all the Chinese people’s volunteers came back to China. (表示補(bǔ)充說明)
(四)名詞/代詞+介詞(短語)
1 、She came in, a baby in her arms. (表示伴隨情況)
2 、He went off, gun in hand. (表示伴隨情況)
二 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中的作用。
獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中只能做狀語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以用來：
(一)表示時(shí)間：
His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play.
(=After his homework was done, he decided to go and see the play.)
(二)表示原因：
The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.
(=Because the last bus having gone, we had to walk home. )
(三)表示條件：
Weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.
(=If weather permitting, we’ll go for an outing tomorrow.)
(四)表示伴隨情況或伴隨狀況：
They walked through the forest, an old hunter leading the way.
(五)表示補(bǔ)充說明：
He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one being a bedroom and the other being an office.
(=He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one was a bedroom, the other was an office.)
三 獨(dú)立變格的變化
在帶有邏輯主語的分詞及其短語前加”with”
1、 ——Why are they talking all the equipment away?
——The job , they are packing up to leave.
A it to done B did C was did D done
2、Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than the man whose command of language is poor.
