affect, effect, influence辨析
一、affect 與 effect
affect 與 effect 均可表示“影響”,其區(qū)別是:前者是動(dòng)詞(及物),主要指一時(shí)的影響,著重影響的動(dòng)作,可指一般意義的影響(不分好壞),也可指不良影響;后者是名詞(可數(shù)或不可數(shù)),兩者的關(guān)系大致為:affect=have an effect on。如:
To affect a policy is to have an effect on it. 影響一項(xiàng)政策就是對(duì)該政策具有一種影響。
The news did not affect her at all.=The news had no effect on her at all. 這條消息對(duì)她沒(méi)有一點(diǎn)影響。
注:effect 有時(shí)雖用作動(dòng)詞(及物),但不表示“影響”,而表示“實(shí)現(xiàn)”或“產(chǎn)生”等。如:
They effected their escape in the middle of the night. 他們半夜逃脫了。
He effected great changes in the company. 他使公司發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
二、influence
influence 表示“影響”,主要指對(duì)行為、性格、觀點(diǎn)等產(chǎn)生間接的或潛移默化的影響??捎米鲃?dòng)詞(及物)或名詞(通常不可數(shù),但有時(shí)可連用不定冠詞)。如:
What you read influences your thinking. 你讀的東西對(duì)你的思想有影響。
It’s clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso. 她的畫(huà)顯然受了畢加索的影響。
Television has a strong influence on people. 電視對(duì)人有很大的影響。