It was in the spring of the year 1241 that rumors began to travel along the highroad from Kiev in the land of Rus that the Tartars of the East were again upon the march. Men trembled when they heard that news and mothers held their children close to their breasts, for the name "Tartar" was one that froze folks' blood in their veins. As the weeks went on, the rumors grew thicker and there began to come through to Poland, our land of the fields, the news that the country lands of the Ukraine were ablaze. Then it was heard that Kiev had fallen, then Lvov, the city of the Lion, and now there was naught between the savage band of warriors and the fair city of Krakow save a few peaceful villages and fertile fields.
The Tartars came through the world like a horde of wild beasts. They left not one thing alive nor one green blade of wheat standing. They were short, dark men of shaggy beards and long hair twisted into little braids, and they rode on small horses which they covered with trophies that they had gained in war. Brave they were as lions, courageous they were as great dogs, but they had hearts of stone and knew not mercy, nor pity, nor tenderness, nor God. On their horses they carried round shields of leather and iron, and long spears often trailed from their saddles. About their shoulders and thighs they wore skins of animals. Some decorated their ears with golden rings—here and there one wore a gold ring in the nose. When theytraveled, the dust rose high into the sky from beneath the hoofs of their little horses, and the thunder of the hoof beats could be heard many miles away. They were so numerous that it took days for the whole horde to pass any one given point, and for miles behind the army itself rumbled carts bearing slaves, provisions, and booty— usually gold.
Before them went always a long, desperate procession of country people driven from their humble homes by the news of the coming terror; they had already said farewell to the cottages where they lived, the parting from which was almost as bitter as death. So it has always been in time of war that the innocent suffer most—these poor, helpless peasants with their carts and horses and geese and sheep trudging along through the dust to escape, if God so willed, the terrible fate which would befall them were they left behind. There were old people in that procession too feeble to be stirring even about a house, mothers nursing children, women weak with sickness, and men broken hearted at the loss of all that a lifetime of labor had brought. Children dragged themselves wearily along beside them, often bearing their pets in their arms.
To this company Krakow opened her gates, and prepared for defense. Many of the nobility and rich citizens had, in the meantime, fled to the west or taken refuge in monasteries far to the north. The brothers of the monastery at Zvierzyniec, a short distance outside the city, took in all the refugees that the building could accommodate, and then prepared to stand siege. But the great, weary, terror-mad mob that had fled ahead of the band of Tartars was content enough to make the city itself its destination. And once within its walls all turned their faces toward the south. For there, in the south of the city,towering on its rocky hill high over the Vistula River, was the great, irregular, turreted mass that was the Wawel—the fortress and castle of the kings of Poland from the time of Krakus, the legend king, and the home of the dukes and nobles who formed the king's court.
It had been decided to make no attempt to defend the city outside the castle gates, since that would entail a great loss of life; and so for several days the city dwellers who remained and these refugees from all the country about poured into the fortification and were housed inside its walls. The old castle gates which were then on Castle Highway opposite the Church of St. Andrew were at last shut and barricaded, and the walls were manned with citizen soldiery prepared to give their lives for the protection of the city and their families.
The Tartars fell upon the city in the night and, after burning the outlying villages, pillaged the districts that lay about the churches of St. Florian, St. John, and the Holy Cross. The whole night long was one of hideous sounds—the crackling and fury of flames, the snarling and yelling of the enemy when they found that the prey had fled, their roars of triumph when they came upon gold and treasure. As morning dawned the watchers from the Wawel looked out over the town and saw but three churches not already in flames. These were the Church of Our Lady Mary near the great market, the Church of St. Andrew, with its stalwart towers, at the Castle Gate, and the Church of St. Adaibert in the market place. Already a colony of Jews in the Black Village had perished, also those refugees and town dwellers who had not rushed inside the walls of defense. There remained but one man—or rather, a youth—still alive in the midst of all that destruction.
He was the trumpeter of the Church of Our Lady Mary, and he had taken solemn oath to sound the trumpet each hour of the day and night from a little balcony high up on the front of the church. As the first golden rays of the sun changed the Vistula from a dark line to a plash of dancing gold, he mounted this balcony to sound the Heynal—the hymn to Our Lady which every trumpeter in the church had in the past sworn to play each hour of the day and night—"until death." He felt with a strange joy the glow of the sun as it fell upon him that morning, for the night had been very dark both with its own shadow and with the gloomy blackness of men's ruthlessness.
About his feet, down in the town highway stood groups of short, fierce men gazing up at him curiously. Here and there the roof of a house was shooting upward in flames and belching forth clouds of black smoke. Hundreds of dwellings lay charred and ruined by the conflagration. He was alone in the midst of a terrible enemy—he might have fled on the previous day and gained the castle with the refugees and the town dwellers, but he had been true to his oath and remained at his post until he should be driven away. Now it was too late to retreat.
He was a very young man, perhaps nineteen or twenty, and wore a dark cloth suit that was caught at the knees with buckles, like the knickerbockers of a later generation; dark, thick hose extended from the knees to the tops of his soft, pointed sandals, and a short coat falling just below the waist was held together in front by a belt. The head covering was of leather and something like a cowl; it fell clear to his shoulders and ran up over the head in such a way that only his face and a bit of hair were visible.
My mother and sister are safe, he thought. May God be praisedfor that! They are gone these ten days and must be now with the cousins in Moravia.
It came to him then what a sweet thing life is. The sun over the Vistula was now reflected in the windows of the Cathedral of the Wawel, where the priests were already saying mass. At the tops of all the gates he could see guards in full armor, upon which the sunlight hashed. A banner with a white eagle hung in the air above the gate at the great draw.
Poland lives, he thought.
And then it came to him, young as he was, that he was part of the glorious company of Polish men that was fighting for all Christendom against brutal and savage invaders. He had not seen much of death before that minute—he had heard of it only as something vague. And now, he himself was perhaps going out to meet it, because of his oath, because of his love for the Church, because of his love for Poland.
I shall keep my word, he mused. If I die it shall be for that. My word is as good as my life.
Had a painter caught his expression then, he would have caught only the expression of a very great peace—an expression that signified somehow that God was very close. There was no moment of weakness, no faltering, no suffering even—for he did not think of what might come after his duty was performed. The sand in the hourglass already marked the hour for the trumpet to sound.
Now, for Poland and Our Lady, I will sound the Heynal, he said, and raised the trumpet to his lips.
Softly he blew at first—then, thrilled with a sense of triumph, he felt in his heart a joy that was almost ecstatic. He seemed to seein a vision that though he might now die alone and for naught save what perhaps some scoffing ones might call a foolish honor, still that bravery was to descend as a heritage to the people to whom he belonged, and was to become a part of their spirit, their courage, their power of everlasting—all this that moment brought.
A Tartar below crouched to his bow and drew back the arrow as far as he could draw. The string whirred. The dark shaft flew like a swift bird straight for the mark. It pierced the breast of the young trumpeter when he was near the end of his song—it quivered there a moment and the song ceased. But, still holding to the trumpet, the youth fell back against the supporting wall and blew one last glorious note; it began strongly, trembled, and then ceased—broken like the young life that gave it birth—and at that moment those below applied the torch to the wooden church, and it, too, rose in flames to Heaven, with the soul of the youth among them.
那是一二四一年的春天,流言沿著基輔的公路在羅斯大地上傳播,“東邊的韃靼人又要進(jìn)攻了”。這個(gè)消息讓男人顫抖,女人下意識(shí)地將孩子緊緊摟在胸前,僅僅是“韃靼人”這幾個(gè)字眼就能讓人血液凝結(jié)。隨著時(shí)間的推移,流言傳得越來(lái)越兇,甚至傳到了我們的田野之鄉(xiāng)——波蘭,消息傳說(shuō)烏克蘭的國(guó)土已經(jīng)成了一片火海。然后,人們傳說(shuō)基輔已經(jīng)淪陷,緊接著是雄獅之城利沃夫?,F(xiàn)在,野蠻大軍和美麗的克拉科夫城之間,除了幾座平靜的村莊和平坦肥沃的田野,已經(jīng)別無(wú)障礙。
韃靼人就像一群來(lái)勢(shì)洶洶的野獸,所到之處,不放過(guò)任何生靈,甚至不留任何一片嫩綠的麥苗。韃靼人個(gè)頭矮小,皮膚黝黑,留著粗獷雜亂的連鬢胡子,把長(zhǎng)頭發(fā)編成小辮子,他們騎著矮馬,馬背上掛滿了從戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中擄奪的戰(zhàn)利品。他們勇猛如獅,有著熊心豹膽,但又鐵石心腸,毫無(wú)悲憫之心,更別說(shuō)溫柔謙和了,他們甚至無(wú)視神明。他們?cè)隈R背上掛著皮革和鐵制成的圓盾,長(zhǎng)矛從馬鞍垂下。他們?cè)诩绨蚝痛笸壬瞎F皮。有的人戴著金燦燦的耳環(huán),有的還戴著金鼻環(huán)。韃靼人一路向前,矮馬蹄子踏過(guò)土地,塵土漫天,馬蹄聲如悶雷一般,幾里地以外就能聽(tīng)到。他們的隊(duì)伍龐大,整個(gè)隊(duì)伍要通過(guò)某個(gè)地方都得好幾天,更別說(shuō)隊(duì)伍后面還跟著綿延了幾里地遠(yuǎn)的載著奴隸、戰(zhàn)備和劫掠之物的車子——他們搶來(lái)的大多數(shù)是金銀財(cái)寶。
韃靼大軍到來(lái)之前,人們往往早已聞風(fēng)而逃,開(kāi)始背井離鄉(xiāng),形成一支絕望的長(zhǎng)隊(duì);他們告別曾經(jīng)生活的農(nóng)舍,做出了死亡般苦澀的訣別。戰(zhàn)時(shí)最遭罪的總是那些無(wú)辜的百姓——這些貧窮無(wú)助的農(nóng)民趕著馬車,帶著家畜家禽跋涉在塵土之中,以免被甩到后面,遭受厄運(yùn)。隊(duì)伍中的老人身體羸弱,甚至沒(méi)有力氣想想房子,還有哄孩子的婦女,女人們因病而虛弱,男人們因失去了一生勞作的成果而心碎。小孩們拖著疲憊的身體走在大人身旁,懷里還常常抱著他們的寵物。
克拉科夫城向這群人敞開(kāi)了大門(mén),同時(shí)做好了防御的準(zhǔn)備。與此同時(shí),許多貴族和富庶人家要么逃到了西部,要么已經(jīng)去了遠(yuǎn)在北邊的修道院尋求庇佑。城外不遠(yuǎn)就是茲維日涅茨,那里有一座修道院,院內(nèi)的修士盡最大可能去收留難民,只要還有地方,他們就提供住宿,而且準(zhǔn)備抵擋圍攻。不過(guò),對(duì)于飽受恐慌、疲憊不堪的逃亡大軍來(lái)說(shuō),能夠在韃靼人追來(lái)之前順利進(jìn)城就已經(jīng)心滿意足了。他們剛一進(jìn)城,就都將臉轉(zhuǎn)向南方,因?yàn)榫驮诳死品虺堑哪线?,維斯瓦河畔的嶙峋高山之上,聳立著宏大的、房屋錯(cuò)落的,并帶有角樓的大片建筑群,那便是瓦維爾城堡——從傳奇的克拉庫(kù)斯國(guó)王開(kāi)始,歷代波蘭國(guó)王就都以那里為堡壘,那也是組成皇室的公爵和貴族們的住所。
為了不造成重大的人員傷亡,克拉科夫的守城軍隊(duì)已經(jīng)決定放棄在城堡門(mén)外進(jìn)行防御。于是,接下來(lái)的幾天中,留在城里的人們和從全國(guó)各地趕來(lái)的難民都涌進(jìn)城堡,并在城堡的墻內(nèi)安頓下來(lái)。古堡的城門(mén)位于圣安德魯教堂對(duì)面的城堡公路上,士兵們最后關(guān)上城門(mén)并擋上了障礙物,城墻上的士兵嚴(yán)陣以待,決定誓死保護(hù)老城和他們的家人。
韃靼人燒毀了城墻外圍的村莊,將圣弗洛里安教堂、圣約翰教堂和圣十字教堂的周圍劫掠一空,在夜晚時(shí)分他們兵臨克拉科夫城下。接下來(lái)的一整夜都充斥著各種可怕的聲音——大火噼啪的燃燒聲、敵人發(fā)現(xiàn)獵物逃走后的咆哮聲、發(fā)現(xiàn)黃金和財(cái)寶時(shí)得意的呼叫聲。當(dāng)清晨來(lái)臨,瓦維爾城堡的哨兵眺望城鎮(zhèn)時(shí),僅有三座教堂還沒(méi)有燃起大火——大集市附近的圣母瑪利亞教堂、偉岸屹立在城門(mén)邊上的圣安德魯教堂,以及集市中央的圣阿達(dá)爾伯特教堂。黑村中的猶太人聚居地已經(jīng)不復(fù)存在了,那些沒(méi)來(lái)得及躲進(jìn)城墻內(nèi)的難民也都沒(méi)能幸免于難。僅有一個(gè)男人,更確切地說(shuō),是一個(gè)年輕人,在災(zāi)難中活了下來(lái)。
他就是圣瑪利亞教堂的吹號(hào)手,像其他的號(hào)手一樣,他曾莊嚴(yán)地宣誓,每個(gè)小時(shí)在教堂前頂?shù)年?yáng)臺(tái)上吹響號(hào)角。清晨的第一縷陽(yáng)光剛剛將維斯瓦河從一條黑線變成跳蕩的金色時(shí),他就登上陽(yáng)臺(tái),吹響《海那圣歌》——教堂的每一位吹號(hào)手都曾宣誓,要每小時(shí)吹響一次這首獻(xiàn)給圣母的贊歌,不分晝夜,“至死不渝”。當(dāng)清晨的陽(yáng)光灑在他身上時(shí),他感到一陣莫名的喜悅,剛剛過(guò)去的那個(gè)夜晚是如此可怕,這種可怕既源于黑暗本身,也源于人類殘忍無(wú)情所致的陰暗。
在他下方,矮小兇猛的韃靼人正站在城市的公路上,滿臉好奇地盯著他的一舉一動(dòng)。周圍的房頂上時(shí)不時(shí)地濺起火苗,冒出團(tuán)團(tuán)黑煙。成百上千的住所被大火燒焦,毀于一旦。如今,他孤身一人,被可怕的敵人重重包圍——他本可以在前一天逃之夭夭,與難民和城市居民一同進(jìn)入城堡,但他最終選擇忠于自己的誓言,堅(jiān)守自己的崗位,除非被迫離開(kāi)。不過(guò),現(xiàn)在撤退已經(jīng)來(lái)不及了。
這個(gè)吹號(hào)手是個(gè)年輕人,大概只有十九歲或二十歲。他穿著一件深色的布衣,褲腿處由帶扣束著,樣式和后來(lái)的燈籠褲相似,厚厚的深色緊身褲一直從膝蓋延伸到軟面的尖頭涼鞋上,一件短外套下擺垂在腰際,由一條腰帶束起。他頭上戴著皮質(zhì)的帽子,像是一個(gè)大風(fēng)帽,長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的帽尾垂在肩頭,其余部分包著頭,僅僅露出臉和少量頭發(fā)。
“我母親和姐姐應(yīng)該是安全的,”他心里想著,“感謝上帝!她們已經(jīng)出發(fā)十天,現(xiàn)在一定已經(jīng)到了遠(yuǎn)在摩拉維亞的表親家?!?/p>
此時(shí),他感到生活是如此甜美。維斯瓦河上空的太陽(yáng)映照在瓦維爾大教堂的窗戶上,那里的牧師已經(jīng)開(kāi)始做彌撒了。他可以看到,所有城門(mén)樓上的衛(wèi)兵都全副武裝,陽(yáng)光照耀著他們的鎧甲。一面繪有白鷹的旗幟高高飄揚(yáng)在大吊橋所在的城門(mén)上方。
“波蘭不死?!彼南搿?/p>
他雖然年紀(jì)輕輕,心里卻堅(jiān)認(rèn)自己是光榮的波蘭人中的一員,為了整個(gè)基督教世界,與兇殘野蠻的侵略者斗爭(zhēng)。在那一刻之前,他并未見(jiàn)過(guò)什么死傷——他也只是隱約聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)而已。而現(xiàn)在,為了他的誓言,為了他對(duì)教堂的愛(ài),為了他對(duì)波蘭的愛(ài),他或許就將直面死亡。
“我將堅(jiān)守諾言,”他心里默想著,“即使為之付出生命也在所不惜,我的誓言和生命同樣重要?!?/p>
如果畫(huà)家能夠捕捉到他當(dāng)時(shí)的表情,那肯定是一個(gè)最為安詳平和的畫(huà)面,一種意味著上帝就在身邊的神情。沒(méi)有任何軟弱,沒(méi)有猶豫,甚至沒(méi)有痛苦——他并沒(méi)有考慮在履行完自己的職責(zé)后會(huì)遭遇什么。沙漏里的沙子已經(jīng)流到了整點(diǎn)的位置,該吹響號(hào)角了。
“現(xiàn)在,為了波蘭和圣母,我將吹響《海那圣歌》?!彼贿呄?,一邊將號(hào)角遞到唇邊。
開(kāi)始時(shí),他輕吹號(hào)角——緊接著他心里激蕩起一種勝利感,一種近乎狂喜的快樂(lè)涌上心頭。他似乎看見(jiàn)了一幅畫(huà)面——盡管他將孤獨(dú)地死去,僅僅是為了某些人所嘲笑的愚蠢的榮譽(yù),但他堅(jiān)信這種勇敢將成為民族的遺產(chǎn),成為波蘭人精神的組成部分,成為他們勇氣的來(lái)源以及力量的源泉。一切就在這一刻。
下方一名韃靼士兵屈身拿起弓箭,用力將箭向后拉。弓弦一顫,深色的箭就像一只敏捷的鳥(niǎo)徑直向目標(biāo)飛去。箭頭穿過(guò)了年輕吹號(hào)手的胸膛,而此時(shí)的圣歌已經(jīng)接近尾聲——音符微顫,圣歌停止了。但年輕的號(hào)手依然緊握著號(hào)角,他的身體向后倒在陽(yáng)臺(tái)的支撐墻上,同時(shí)他吹響了最后一個(gè)光榮的音符。這個(gè)音符開(kāi)始時(shí)強(qiáng)勁,緊接著微微顫抖了一下,然后結(jié)束了,和給予這個(gè)音符生命的年輕生命一同休止——正在那時(shí),教堂下的野蠻人將木結(jié)構(gòu)的教堂付之一炬,熊熊大火帶著年輕吹號(hào)手的靈魂直上天堂。
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