初中·課本中不會(huì)教你的 470　say, speak, talk和tell

470　say, speak, talk和tell

1　say 是及物動(dòng)詞，著重說(shuō)的具體內(nèi)容，強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)什么，必須有賓語(yǔ)，可以是從句。

say 構(gòu)成的常用短語(yǔ)有：

say a few words說(shuō)幾句話

say something in English用英語(yǔ)講點(diǎn)什么

say nothing to sb.對(duì)某人什么也不說(shuō)

say goodbye to向……告別

say something about說(shuō)點(diǎn)關(guān)于……的事情

say hello to sb.向某人問好

2　speak 常用作不及物動(dòng)詞，著重開口講話，強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)出聲音或運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的能力，不強(qiáng)調(diào)所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容。作及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，speak 常以語(yǔ)言名詞作賓語(yǔ)，如speak English （說(shuō)英語(yǔ)），speak French （說(shuō)法語(yǔ)）等。speak to 意為“對(duì)某人講話”，speak to sb. about sth. 意為“同某人講關(guān)于……的情況”。speak 后不可跟從句。

She can speak Japanese and some other languages. 她能說(shuō)日語(yǔ)和其他幾種語(yǔ)言。

The teacher is speaking to Tom's father about his studies at school. 老師在同湯姆的父親談湯姆在校的學(xué)習(xí)情況。

She is speaking loudly to the children. 她在向孩子們大聲講話。

Who's speaking ? 你是誰(shuí)？（電話用語(yǔ) ）

I'd like to speak to Jack. 我想同杰克講。（電話用語(yǔ) ）

比較

用中文說(shuō)

say it in Chinese （正）

speak it in Chinese （誤）

說(shuō)中文

speak Chinese （正）

say Chinese （誤）

He said that he would come. （正）他說(shuō)他要來(lái)。

He spoke that he would come.（誤）

3　talk 意為“說(shuō)話，交談”，表示進(jìn)行對(duì)話、討論、交換意見等。結(jié)構(gòu)為：

talk with/ to sb.: 同某人談話

talk about/ over sth.: 談?wù)撃呈?/p>

talk to sb. about sth.: 同某人談?wù)撃呈?/p>

They talked for a long time. 他們談了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。

She is talking with her mother. 她在同母親談話。

He talked to me about the book yesterday. 他昨天同我談了那本書。

They are talking over an important matter. 他們?cè)谡務(wù)撘患匾虑椤?/p>

比較

He talked to her. 他同她談話。

He spoke to her. 他對(duì)她講話。

4　tell 是及物動(dòng)詞，意為“告訴”，表示向他人講述某件事、某個(gè)故事等。結(jié)構(gòu)為：

tell sb. +sth.: 告訴某人某事

tell sb. about sth.: 告訴某人關(guān)于某事

tell sth. to sb.: 把……告訴某人

tell sb. to do sth.: 叫某人做某事

Please tell me her name. 請(qǐng)告訴我她的名字 。

Please tell her name to me.

She told us about her early life. 她告訴我們關(guān)于她早年的生活。

他告訴孩子們進(jìn)教室 。

He told the children to go into the classroom. （正）

He said the children to go into the classroom. （誤）

提示

tell還可表示“區(qū)別，判斷”。

I can't tell her from her sister. 我難以把她和她妹妹區(qū)分開。

I can't tell which is better. 我說(shuō)不上哪一個(gè)更好。