概括大意與完成句子 專項(xiàng)練習(xí)與答案精講 一

概括大意與完成句子 專項(xiàng)練習(xí)與答案精講 一

（一）Global Warming

Smoke is clouding our view of global warming, protecting the planet from perhaps three quarters of the greenhouse (溫室) effect. That might sound like good news, but experts say that as the cover diminishes in coming decades, we are facing a dramatic increase of warming that could be two or even three times as great as official best guesses.

This was the dramatic conclusion reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem, Berlin, where top atmospheric scientists got together, including Nobel Prize winner Paul Crutzen and Swedish scientist Bert Bolin, former chairman of the UN's Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

IPCC scientists have suspected for a decade that aerosols (浮質(zhì)) of smoke and other particles from burning rainforest, crop waste and fossil fuels are blocking sunlight and counteracting the warming effect of carbon dioxide (二氧化物) emissions. Until now, they reckoned that aerosols reduced greenhouse warming by perhaps a quarter, cutting increases by 0.2℃. So the 0.6℃ of warming over the past century would have been 0.8℃ without aerosols.

But the Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure is even higher—aerosols may have reduced global warming by as much as three quarters, cutting increases by 1.8℃. If so, the good news is that aerosols have prevented the world getting almost two degrees warmer than it is now. But the bad news is that the climate system is much more sensitive to greenhouse gases than previously guessed.

As those gases are expected to continue accumulating in the atmosphere while aerosols stabilize or fall, that means "dramatic consequences for estimates of future climate change", the scientists agreed in a draft report from the workshop.

1. Paragraph 2________.

2. Paragraph 3________.

3. Paragraph 4________.

4. Paragraph 5________.

* * *

A. Atmospheric Scientists

B. The Calculations Made at the Berlin Workshop

C. The Previous Calculations of the Effect of Aerosols

D. The Scientists' Agreement

E. The Authoritative Conclusion

F. Greenhouse Gases

* * *

5. When the cover diminishes in the coming decades, temperature______.

6. The conclusion reached at the Berlin workshop______.

7. The Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure______.

8. The increase of greenhouse gases______.

* * *

A. will influence future climate change

B. was somewhat surprising

C. will rise rapidly

D. was known to US all

E. was much higher than had been expected

* * *

［重要考點(diǎn)］

［主旨大意］

本文主要討論了關(guān)于全球氣候變暖的問題。氣候?qū)＜以诘聡亓终匍_研討會(huì)，得出的結(jié)論是，一直以來，大氣中的浮質(zhì)在保護(hù)地球盡量免受溫室效應(yīng)的影響，而且其效果比大家預(yù)想的要明顯得多，對(duì)此文中給出了一系列的計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)加以論證。這個(gè)結(jié)論令人驚訝，但專家同時(shí)指出，在未來二三十年內(nèi)，這層覆蓋物會(huì)減少，而同時(shí)溫室氣體卻在不斷增加，到那時(shí)氣溫會(huì)明顯升高。文章最后指出，研討會(huì)與會(huì)專家們已經(jīng)在一份起草報(bào)告中達(dá)成一致。

［長難句結(jié)構(gòu)解析］

1. That might sound like good news, but experts say that as the cover diminishes in coming decades, we are facing a dramatic increase of warming that could be two or even three times as great as official best guesses.

（1）該句由but連接的表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的兩個(gè)句子組成。

（2）畫線部分的that從句是say的賓語從句，其中as the cover diminishes in coming decades是作為that從句部分的時(shí)間狀語從句。

（3）that could be two or even three times as great as official best guesses，這一個(gè)that從句作為定語從句修飾a dramatic increase of warming。

（4）參考譯文：這聽起來似乎是個(gè)好消息，但專家指出，隨著覆蓋物在未來幾十年內(nèi)的減少，我們會(huì)面臨氣溫的急劇升高，其升高幅度有可能會(huì)是官方預(yù)測(cè)的兩倍甚至三倍。

2. This was the dramatic conclusion reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem, Berlin, where top atmospheric scientists got together, including Nobel Prize winner Paul Crutzen and Swedish scientist Bert Bolin, former chairman of the UN's Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

（1）主干部分為This was the dramatic conclusion。

（2）conclusion與reached之間省略了which was，“reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem, Berlin”作為后置定語來修飾conclusion。

（3）畫線部分是作為定語從句來修飾前邊的Dahlem，Berlin。

（4）including Nobel Prize winner Paul Crutzen and Swedish scientist Bert Bolin, former chairman of the UN's Intergovemmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 這一部分是用來修飾scientists的，但因其太長被放在了句末。

（5）參考譯文：這個(gè)令人吃驚的結(jié)論是上周在柏林達(dá)萊姆由杰出大氣層專家一起召開的研討會(huì)上得出的，與會(huì)者包括諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)得主Paul Crutzen以及曾擔(dān)任聯(lián)合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會(huì)主席的瑞典科學(xué)家Bert Bolin。

3. IPCC scientists have suspected for a decade that aerosols (浮質(zhì)) of smoke and other particles from burning rainforest, crop waste and fossil fuels are blocking sunlight and counteracting the warming effect of carbon dioxide (二氧化物) emissions.

（1）句子主干為IPCC scientists have suspected for a decade that...。

（2）畫線部分是謂語suspected的賓語從句。

（3）參考譯文：在過去十年中，政府間氣候變化專門委員會(huì)的專家一度懷疑，一直以來是煙霧浮質(zhì)以及由燃燒熱帶雨林、作物廢料和礦物燃料所產(chǎn)生的微小粒子在阻擋陽光并消解二氧化碳釋放物所引起的溫室效應(yīng)。

4. As those gases are expected to continue accumulating in the atmosphere while aerosols stabilize or fall, that means "dramatic consequences for estimates of future climate change", the scientists agreed in a draft report from the workshop.

（1）該句主干部分即為上面的畫線部分，而前半部分是as引導(dǎo)的伴隨狀語從句。

（2）在由as引導(dǎo)的伴隨狀語從句中，that means "dramatic consequences for estimates of future climate change" 是作為定語從句修飾前面的句子。

（3）參考譯文：隨著溫室氣體在大氣層中持續(xù)增加，而浮質(zhì)卻保持不變甚至減少，這意味著未來氣候所可能發(fā)生劇烈變化。就此，專家在柏林研討會(huì)上已經(jīng)在一份起草報(bào)告中達(dá)成一致。

［答案解析］

1．E。［解析］第二段只有一句話，其主干為：This was the dramatic conclusion reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem, Berlin, where top atmospheric scientists got together...句子意思是：這個(gè)令人吃驚的結(jié)論是上周在柏林達(dá)萊姆由杰出的大氣層專家一起召開的研討會(huì)上得出的。這里杰出的大氣層專家必然代表的是權(quán)威觀點(diǎn)，其意思與選項(xiàng)E表達(dá)一致，故E為正確答案。

2．C。［解析］第三段主題句是第一句：IPCC scientists have suspected for a decade that aerosols (浮質(zhì)) of smoke and other particles from burning rainforest, crop waste and fossil fuels are blocking sunlight and counteracting the warming effect of carbon dioxide (二氧化物) emissions. 這個(gè)長句的結(jié)構(gòu)及意思我們已經(jīng)討論過，這里不贅述。顯然這句講的是浮質(zhì)對(duì)大氣的影響，并在后兩句中給出了計(jì)算，這個(gè)計(jì)算先于第四段所提到的計(jì)算。選項(xiàng)C與其意思一致，故C為正確答案。

3．B。［解析］第四段主題句為第一句But the Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure is even higher...柏林研討會(huì)得出的結(jié)論是，實(shí)際的數(shù)字要高得多。段落其他部分給出了相關(guān)的計(jì)算數(shù)據(jù)。這與選項(xiàng)B意思一致，故B為正確答案。

4．D。［解析］第五段也只是一個(gè)長句，句子主干部分為the scientists agreed in a draft report from the workshop，這說明專家在柏林研討會(huì)上達(dá)成一致結(jié)論，選項(xiàng)D與其意思一致，故D為正確答案。

5．C。［解析］根據(jù)題干線索詞the cover diminishes定位原文至第一段第二句后半部分：as the cover diminishes in coming decades, we are facing a dramatic increase of warming that could be two or even three times as great as official best guesses，這里a dramatic increase of warming意思即為氣溫的大幅度升高。與選項(xiàng)C意思一致，故C為正確答案。

6．B。［解析］根據(jù)題干線索詞the Berlin workshop定位原文至第二段第一句前半部分：This was the dramatic conclusion reached last week at a workshop in Dahlem, Berlin...，這里dramatic意為“令人吃驚的”，與surprising屬于同義詞，由此可推斷B為正確答案。

7．E。［解析］根據(jù)題干線索詞the real figure可將原文定位至第四段第一句前半部分：But the Berlin workshop concluded that the real figure is even higher，這說明柏林研討會(huì)得出的結(jié)論是，真正的數(shù)字“比這還要高”，是說比第三段推測(cè)的數(shù)字要高，也就比人們預(yù)期的要高。選項(xiàng)E與其意思吻合。

8．A。［解析］根據(jù)“題目順序與段落順序基本保持一致”的考試規(guī)律，可將原文定位至最后一段，其中第一句中的those gases即指the greenhouse gases。這段說明隨著溫室氣體在大氣層中持續(xù)增加，而浮質(zhì)卻保持不變甚至減少，這意味著未來氣候有可能發(fā)生劇烈變化，即說明溫室氣體的增加會(huì)導(dǎo)致氣候的變化。選項(xiàng)A與其表達(dá)一致，故A為正確答案。