閱讀判斷分析 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 五

（五）Smoking

Since 1939, numerous studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a serious health risk. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.

Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of some other organs of the body. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease than non-smoking males. Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.

Apart from statistics, it might be helpful to look at what tobacco does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, minute particles of ash and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is powerful poison, and black tar. As smoke is breathed in, all those components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube and bronchus divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.

Filters and low-tar tobaccos are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only slightly reduce, not eliminate the hazards.

1. It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

2. Smoking reduces one's life expectancy.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

3. Smoking may induce lung cancer.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

4. There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

5. Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

6. Nicotine is poisonous.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

7. Filters and low-tar tobaccos make smoking safe.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

［答案解析］

1．B。［解析］題干大意：很容易判斷抽煙對(duì)健康是否有害。文章的第一句提到：自1939年以來進(jìn)行了許多次研究，其目的都是為了判斷抽煙對(duì)健康是否有害。從這句話可以看出判斷抽煙對(duì)健康是否有害并不容易，而且也沒有確定抽煙對(duì)身體就是有危害。故答案選B。

2．A。［解析］題干大意：抽煙會(huì)縮短人們的預(yù)期壽命。第一段最后一句提到：抽煙與人的預(yù)期壽命縮短有關(guān)。由此能夠看出題干所述與原文信息一致，故答案選A。

3．A。［解析］題干大意：抽煙有可能誘發(fā)肺癌。文章的第二段第一句提到抽煙與肺癌的關(guān)系，認(rèn)為抽煙與肺癌有關(guān)系，還跟身體的其他器官患上癌癥有關(guān)，由此可見題干所述與原文一致，故答案選A。

4．C。［解析］題干大意：證據(jù)表明抽煙誘發(fā)乳腺癌。文章中并未提及有關(guān)乳腺癌也是抽煙誘發(fā)的相關(guān)信息。故答案選C。

5．B。［解析］題干大意：男性煙民死于心臟病的比率小于女性煙民死于心臟病的比率。文章沒有直接比較男性煙民和女性煙民死于心臟病的比率，文章提到：據(jù)認(rèn)為女性煙民并不把煙吸得很深，因此煙對(duì)她們的影響小于男性煙民。從中可以推斷出的是：男性煙民死于心臟病的比率高于女性煙民死于心臟病的比率。因此該題的命題是錯(cuò)誤的。故答案選B。

6．A。［解析］題干大意：尼古丁是有毒的。文章第三段第三句提到：尼古丁是有毒的。由此可以判斷題干所述與原文一致，故答案選A。

7．B。［解析］題干大意：有了過濾嘴和焦油含量低的煙草，抽煙是安全的。文章的最后一段提到：據(jù)稱，過濾嘴和焦油含量低的煙草在某種程度上使抽煙變得較為安全，但是它們只是略微減少危害而不是消除危害，由此判斷題干所述與原文不一致，因此該題的命題是錯(cuò)誤的，故答案選B。