閱讀判斷分析 專項(xiàng)練習(xí)與答案精講 二

（二）Why is the Native Language Learnt So Well?

How does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most cases, may end up with a faulty and inexact command. What accounts for this difference?

Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, and right use of words and right structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, which come to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.

Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the right kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.

Finally, though a child's "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.

1. Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

2. Adults' knowledge and mental powers hinder their complete mastery of a foreign language.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

3. The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

4. Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children's success of learning their mother tongue.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

5. A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

6. Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

7. So far as language teaching is concerned, the teacher's close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

［詞匯提示］

explanation　　　n. 解釋

［高頻考點(diǎn)］

考點(diǎn)1：推斷能力；

考點(diǎn)2：指示代詞指代的內(nèi)容。

［主旨大意］

第一段主要說(shuō)小孩子學(xué)習(xí)母語(yǔ)比成年人學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)更容易，學(xué)得更好。

第二段主要說(shuō)作者認(rèn)為孩子母語(yǔ)學(xué)得如此之好的原因。

第三段主要說(shuō)孩子學(xué)習(xí)母語(yǔ)的其他優(yōu)勢(shì)。

第四段主要說(shuō)“老師”在孩子學(xué)習(xí)母語(yǔ)中的作用。

［長(zhǎng)難句結(jié)構(gòu)解析］

1. Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him.

（1）despite引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。

（2）partly是一個(gè)副詞，意為“在一定程度上”。

（3）詞組in the behavior of the people是一個(gè)介詞詞組，意為“在于人們的行為”。

（4）參考譯文：盡管還有其他的解釋，但是在我看來(lái)，真正的答案一定程度上是這個(gè)孩子本身，一定程度上是他周圍人們的行為。

2. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, and right use of words and right structure.

（1）it在這里指的是mother tongue，而spoken是一個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，修飾it，spoken是it的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，用的是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示的是it被他周圍的人從早到晚地說(shuō)。

（2）what is more important是一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，表示遞進(jìn)。

（3）參考譯文：兒童從早到晚聽(tīng)到人們講母語(yǔ)，更重要的是，聽(tīng)到的總是地道的母語(yǔ)：發(fā)音正確、語(yǔ)調(diào)自然、遣詞造句準(zhǔn)確。

［答案解析］

1．A。［解析］題干大意：與學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的成年人相比，兒童學(xué)習(xí)母語(yǔ)很容易。該問(wèn)題是考查考生對(duì)事實(shí)的判斷。利用答案線索詞adults和children，我們很快在第一段首句中發(fā)現(xiàn)children，而在隨后的一句中發(fā)現(xiàn)adults。研究這兩句話的語(yǔ)意：前一句提到為什么孩子學(xué)母語(yǔ)學(xué)得這么好；后一句接著提到當(dāng)我們把孩子和學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的成年人比較時(shí)，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個(gè)有趣的事實(shí)。依據(jù)這兩句判斷題干實(shí)際上是對(duì)原文這兩個(gè)句子的總結(jié)說(shuō)明。

2．C。［解析］題干大意：成年人的知識(shí)和智力阻礙了他們對(duì)外語(yǔ)的掌握。該問(wèn)題也是考查考生對(duì)事實(shí)的判斷。利用答案線索詞mental powers，我們很快在第一段的第四句中發(fā)現(xiàn)mental powers，該句提到在大多數(shù)情況下，智力充分發(fā)展的成年人對(duì)外語(yǔ)的掌握是錯(cuò)誤的和不準(zhǔn)確的。但原文中并沒(méi)提及“成年人的知識(shí)與智力和學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)之間有何關(guān)系”，故答案為C。

3．B。［解析］題干大意：兒童母語(yǔ)學(xué)得好只是因?yàn)樗麄兊膶W(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。該問(wèn)題也是考查考生對(duì)事實(shí)的判斷。該問(wèn)題句的說(shuō)法太絕對(duì)，故判斷答案為B。

4．A。［解析］題干大意：早年大量的聽(tīng)力練習(xí)是兒童成功地學(xué)習(xí)母語(yǔ)的一個(gè)原因。利用答案線索詞the first years of life我們很快在第二段的第二句中發(fā)現(xiàn)相關(guān)句。該句提到早年學(xué)習(xí)母語(yǔ)的時(shí)間是最有益的。接下來(lái)的一句突出地說(shuō)明了兒童期聽(tīng)力練習(xí)的形式。故答案為A。

5．B。［解析］題干大意：兒童學(xué)習(xí)母語(yǔ)的優(yōu)勢(shì)是可以常年上私人輔導(dǎo)課。借助常識(shí)可判斷該句的說(shuō)法不正確。利用答案線索詞all the year round我們很快在第三段的第一句中發(fā)現(xiàn)直接相關(guān)句。比較原句和問(wèn)題句的結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)不同之處在于as it were的結(jié)構(gòu)。as it were：仿佛是。故答案為B。

6．A。［解析］題干大意：手勢(shì)和面部表情可能會(huì)對(duì)兒童掌握母語(yǔ)有幫助。利用答案線索詞Gestures and facial expressions我們很快在第三段的第二句中發(fā)現(xiàn)直接相關(guān)句。故答案為A。

7．C。［解析］題干大意：就語(yǔ)言教學(xué)而言，教師與學(xué)生的親密關(guān)系比教師接受的專門培訓(xùn)更重要。答案線索詞為teachers。文章的最后一段提到了“教師”，但只是提到教師與學(xué)生的關(guān)系是親密的，而問(wèn)題句的說(shuō)法并不與原文矛盾，故答案為C。